Table 3.
Influence of fetuin-A on gestational diabetes mellitus
| Case, n (%) | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Quartiles of fetuin-A in the first trimester (range, pg/mL)* | |||
| Q1 (<193.1) | 25 (42.4) | Ref | – |
| Q2 (193.1–273.4) | 19 (35.9) | 0.84 (0.37 to 1.92) | 0.051 |
| Q3 (273.5–499.9) | 35 (51.5) | 1.76 (0.81 to 3.82) | 0.346 |
| Q4 (>499.9) | 56 (62.2) | 2.65 (1.27 to 5.49) | 0.004 |
| Quartiles of fetuin-A in the second trimester (range, pg/mL)* | |||
| Q1 (<194.1) | 20 (37.7) | Ref | – |
| Q2 (194.1–290.8) | 18 (34.6) | 1.05 (0.44 to 2.49) | 0.072 |
| Q3 (290.9–501.2) | 37 (51.4) | 2.19 (0.98 to 4.92) | 0.309 |
| Q4 (>501.2) | 60 (64.5) | 3.77 (1.75 to 8.13) | <0.001 |
| Quartiles of the change of fetuin-A from the first to the second trimester (range, pg/mL)† | |||
| Q1 (<−13.7) | 33 (50.0) | Ref | – |
| Q2 (−13.7 to 8.9) | 20 (36.4) | 0.63 (0.27 to1.46) | 0.055 |
| Q3 (9.0–29.1) | 20 (37.0) | 0.88 (0.38 to 2.05) | 0.523 |
| Q4 (>29.1) | 62 (65.3) | 2.14 (1.05 to 4.37) | 0.002 |
*Adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) before oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), gestational age at enrollment, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), daily intake of calories, and weekly physical activity time.
†Adjusted more for fetuin-A in the first trimester.