Table 3.
Comparison of clinical data, laboratory values and medication and principal in-hospital diagnoses with potential relevance in selecting individuals for a bariatric procedure
| Gastric bypass (n=5321) |
Controls (n=5321) |
Standardized difference (%) | |
| Smoking (yes) | 576 (15.9%) | 942 (19.7%) | 0.1 |
| Laboratory values, average (SD) | |||
| Hemoglobin A1c (mmol/mol) | 59.9 (16.9) | 58.5 (16.9) | 5.9 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 68.1 (27.6) | 68.0 (25.4) | 0.3 |
| Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min) | 97.2 (25.0) | 98.3 (27.5) | 2.8 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 132.8 (14.5) | 132.5 (15.6) | 1.3 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 80.3 (9.6) | 80.0 (9.8) | 2.1 |
| Medication, n (%) | |||
| Metformin | 3947 (74.2%) | 3769 (70.8%) | 0.1 |
| Sulfonylureas | 627 (11.8%) | 541 (10.2%) | 0.0 |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 257 (4.8%) | 239 (4.5%) | 0.0 |
| Glitazones | 190 (3.6%) | 150 (2.8%) | 0.0 |
| GLP-1 agonists | 310 (5.8%) | 245 (4.6%) | 0.0 |
| Insulin | 1967 (37.0%) | 1886 (35.4%) | 0.0 |
| NSAID | 1852 (34.8%) | 1476 (27.7%) | 0.1 |
| Opiates | 1658 (31.2%) | 1026 (19.3%) | 0.2 |
| Antihypertensives | 2504 (66.2%) | 3034 (60.4%) | 0.1 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 2688 (50.5%) | 2414 (45.4%) | 0.1 |
| Anticoagulants | 153 (2.9%) | 170 (3.2%) | 0.0 |
| Psychiatric drugs | 520 (9.8%) | 529 (9.9%) | 0.0 |
| Drugs for alcohol abuse | 94 (1.8%) | 122 (2.3%) | 0.0 |
| Principal in-hospital care, n (%) | |||
| Coronary heart disease | 408 (7.7%) | 313 (5.9%) | 0.0 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 174 (3.3%) | 169 (3.2%) | 0.0 |
| Stroke | 109 (2.1%) | 103 (1.9%) | 0.0 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 165 (3.1%) | 149 (2.8%) | 0.0 |
| Heart failure | 153 (2.9%) | 168 (3.2%) | 0.0 |
| Hypoglycemia with coma | 57 (1.1%) | 61 (1.1%) | 0.0 |
| Hyperglycemia | 83 (1.6%) | 130 (2.4%) | 0.0 |
| Kidney failure | 60 (1.1%) | 82 (1.5%) | 0.0 |
| Cancer | 113 (2.1%) | 158 (3.0%) | 0.0 |
| Psychiatric disorders | 361 (6.8%) | 346 (6.5%) | 0.0 |
| Alcohol abuse | 94 (1.8%) | 122 (2.3%) | 0.0 |
| Deep vein/pulmonary thrombosis | 74 (1.4%) | 65 (1.2%) | 0.0 |
| Abdominal pain | 387 (7.3%) | 334 (6.3%) | 0.0 |
| Ulcer and/or reflux | 107 (2.1%) | 72 (1.3%) | 0.0 |
| Gallstone, gallbladder disease | 428 (8.0%) | 366 (6.9%) | 0.0 |
| Malnutrition | 22 (0.4%) | 41 (0.8%) | 0.0 |
Standardized difference, ie, difference in proportions divided by SE; imbalance defined as absolute value >20 (small effect size).
DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.