Table 3.
Closeness growth curve estimates with school mobility and povertyrelated risks as predictors.
| School mobility intercept effects |
School mobility slope effects |
Poverty-related risks intercept effects |
Poverty-related risks slope effects |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Est. | SE | Est. | SE | Est. | SE | Est. | SE | |
| Intercept effects | ||||||||
| Intercept (3G) | 3.78*** | 0.09 | 3.84*** | 0.13 | 3.81*** | 0.10 | 3.87*** | 0.12 |
| Frequent school mobility | −0.17* | 0.07 | −0.38** | 0.14 | −0.17* | 0.07 | −0.34* | 0.14 |
| Residential mobility | −0.09** | 0.03 | −0.08** | 0.03 | ||||
| Age | −0.02 | 0.08 | −0.02 | 0.08 | −0.01 | 0.08 | −0.02 | 0.08 |
| Female | 0.19** | 0.06 | 0.18* | 0.09 | 0.20** | 0.06 | 0.18* | 0.09 |
| African American | 0.13* | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.09 |
| Early language | 0.52† | 0.30 | 0.59† | 0.31 | 0.56† | 0.29 | 0.64* | 0.30 |
| Early math score | 0.23 | 0.32 | 0.20 | 0.32 | 0.13 | 0.31 | 0.13 | 0.31 |
| Dysregulation | −0.05 | 0.07 | −0.05 | 0.07 | −0.05 | 0.06 | −0.05 | 0.06 |
| Time variant | ||||||||
| Income-to-needs (P) | −0.28** | 0.09 | −0.01 | 0.07 | ||||
| Parental ed. risk (P) | 0.13 | 0.22 | −0.09 | 0.09 | ||||
| Single parent (P) | −0.14 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.08 | ||||
| Income-to-needs (K) | −0.10 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | ||||
| Parental ed. risk (K) | 0.19 | 0.15 | −0.03 | 0.11 | ||||
| Single parent (K) | −0.07 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.07 | ||||
| Income-to-needs (3G) | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | ||||
| Parental ed. risks (3G) | −0.28* | 0.11 | −0.26* | 0.11 | ||||
| Single parent (3G) | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.08 | ||||
| Slope effects | ||||||||
| Slope | −0.06*** | 0.02 | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.07* | 0.03 | −0.02 | 0.04 |
| Frequent school mobility | −0.10* | 0.05 | −0.08† | 0.05 | ||||
| Residential mobility | −0.03** | 0.01 | ||||||
| Variances | ||||||||
| Slope | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01* | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Intercept | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.14 |
Note: P = Preschool; K = Kindergarten; 3G = Third grade; Additional time invariant control variables (intercept effects) include site-level treatment status, cohort, and an indicator for whether the child changed schools between preschool and kindergarten. Additional control variables predicting the slope include age, female, African American race, a flag for whether the child changed schools between preschool and kindergarten, early language, early math, and early dysregulation. This data is not shown for reasons of brevity but is available from the first author upon request.
†
p < .10
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001.