Table 1.
Maternal Characteristics Among Singleton Deliveries to DHH Women and Non-DHH Women in Massachusetts, 1998–2013, N=13,258
| Characteristics | DHH (N=l,385) | Non-DHH (N=l,187,291) | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Maternal age, years | <0.001 | ||
| <20 | 82 (5.9) | 72,048 (6.1) | |
| 20–24 | 289 (20.9) | 184,284 (15.5) | |
| 25–34 | 356 (25.7) | 291,252 (24.5) | |
| 35–39 | 370 (26.7) | 380,620 (32.1) | |
| ≥40 | 288 (20.8) | 259,067 (21.8) | |
| Maternal race/ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 896 (64.7) | 818,061 (68.9) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 135 (9.7) | 97,514 (8.2) | |
| Hispanic | 264 (19.1) | 163,235 (13.7) | |
| Other | 89 (6.4) | 105,470 (8.9) | |
| Missing | <11b (0.1) | 3,011 (0.3) | |
| Maternal education | <0.001 | ||
| Less than high school | 210 (15.2) | 141,498 (11.9) | |
| High school or GED | 581 (41.9) | 411,023 (34.6) | |
| Some college | 188 (13.6) | 136,683 (11.5) | |
| College and higher | 394 (28.4) | 492,649 (41.5) | |
| Missing | 12 (0.9) | 5,438 (0.5) | |
| Marital status | <0.001 | ||
| Married | 730 (52.7) | 817,210 (68.8) | |
| Not married | 651 (47.0) | 366,981 (30.9) | |
| Missing | <11b (0.3) | 3,100 (0.3) | |
| Mother’s place of birth | <0.001 | ||
| U.S. born | 1,125 (81.2) | 880,695 (74.2) | |
| Foreign born | 259 (18.7) | 305,999 (25.8) | |
| Missing | <11b (0.1) | 597 (0.0) | |
| Language used at home | <0.001 | ||
| English | 798 (57.6) | 886,595 (74.7) | |
| Other | 581 (41.9) | 294,589 (24.8) | |
| Missing | <11b (0.4) | 6,107 (0.5) | |
| Father named at delivery | <0.001 | ||
| No | 172 (12.4) | 97,146 (8.2) | |
| Yes | 1,212 (87.5) | 1,090,051 (91.8) | |
| Missing | <11b (0.1) | 94 (0.0) | |
| Health insurance | <0.001 | ||
| Private | 636 (45.9) | 785,123 (66.1) | |
| Public | 746 (53.9) | 397,572 (33.5) | |
| Missing | <11b (0.2) | 4,596 (0.4) | |
| Smoking during pregnancy | <0.001 | ||
| No | 1,222 (88.2) | 1,088,983 (91.7) | |
| Yes | 163 (11.8) | 97,397 (8.2) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 911 (0.1) | |
| Parity | 0.195 | ||
| First pregnancy | 655 (47.3) | 538,058 (45.3) | |
| Second pregnancy | 431 (31.1) | 402,219 (33.9) | |
| Third or higher | 293 (21.2) | 241,995 (20.4) | |
| Missing | <11b (0.4) | 5,019 (0.4) | |
| Kotelchuck Indexc | <0.001 | ||
| Inadequate | 17 (1.2) | 13,277 (1.1) | |
| Intermediate | 110 (7.9) | 93,821 (7.9) | |
| Adequate | 546 (39.4) | 544,660 (45.9) | |
| Adequate plus | 678 (49.0) | 511,429 (43.1) | |
| Missing | 34 (2.5) | 24,104 (2.0) | |
| Maternal age, years, mean (SE) | 28.9 (0.17) | 29.6 (0.01) | 0.001 |
Notes: Data n (%) unless otherwise specified. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
a
P-values for differences, Chi square-test or t-test.
b
To maintain confidentiality, cells with <11 cases cannot be reported.
c
Adequacy of prenatal care characterized as adequate plus, adequate, intermediate or less than adequate using Kotelchuck index.23,24
Source: Massachusetts Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal Data System (PELL), 1998–2013.
DHH, Deaf or Hard of Hearing.