TABLE 6.

Cell death in preclinical models of excitotoxin-induced preterm brain injury.

Species	Time of the insult	Model	Cell death markers (time post insult)	+ Cell types	ROIs	Neuroprotectant	References
Rat	P5	SCWM ibotenate injection (10 μg)	-c-CASP3, enhanced autophagy (1 d) -c-CASP3, Fluoro-Jade B, AIF (1 d), -cysts -c-CASP3, TUNEL (1 d)	-NeuN -n.d. -n.d. -n.d.	-CTX -CTX -PVWM -CTX	-3-MA -HIP/HAP; S18986, -BDNF -BDNF	Descloux et al., 2018 Destot-Wong et al., 2009; Haldipur et al., 2014 Husson et al., 2005
Mouse	P5	SCWM ibotenate injection (10 μg)	-c-CASP3, AIF (5 d) -c-CASP3, AIF, Fluoro-Jade B (1 d) -c-CASP3 (1 d, 2 d), cysts -c-CASP3 (1 d–30 d) -TUNEL -c-CASP3, TUNEL, Fluoro-Jade B (1 d) -TUNEL (1 d)	-n.d. -n.d. -n.d. -n.d. -GFAP -n.d. -n.d.	-CTX, SCWM -CTX -CTX -CTX -SCWM -CTX -CTX	- -FBP -CASP2 KO -Substance P - -NAP -melatonin	Griesmaier et al., 2010; Neubauer et al., 2016 Dommergues et al., 2003; Rogido et al., 2003; Wegleiter et al., 2014 Carlsson et al., 2011 Medja et al., 2006 Tahraoui et al., 2001 Sokolowska et al., 2011 Husson et al., 2002

AIF = apoptosis-inducing factor; c-CASP3 = cleaved caspase-3; CTX = cortex; d = day; FBP = fructose 1,6-biphosphate; h = hours; HIP/PAP = hepatocarcinoma intestine pancreas protein/pancreatitis-associated protein I; NAP = actif motif of ADNP (activity-dependent neuroprotective protein); 3MA = 3-methyladenine; P = postnatal day; PVWM = periventricular WM; ROIs = regions of interest (i.e., where cell death is detected); SCWM = subcortical white matter.