TABLE 7.
Cell death in preclinical models of preterm brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage.
| Species | Time of the insult | Model | Cell death markers (time post insult) | + Cell types | ROIs | Neuroprotectant | References |
| Mouse | P1 | i.c. autologous blood (15 μl) | -TUNEL (2 d) |
-n.d. | -ST, germinal matrix | - | Xue et al., 2003 |
| P5 | i.c.v. autologous blood (20 μl) | -TUNEL (P23) | -n.d. | -PV SCWM | -UC-MSCs | Mukai et al., 2017 | |
| Rat | P4 | dam’s blood (100 μl) i.c.v. | -TUNEL (P32) | -n.d. | -PVZ | -Human UC-MSCs | Ahn et al., 2013 |
| Rabbit | 29 d ga, (2 h, 3 h, or 4 h after preterm delivery | Glycerol (6.5 g/kg), i.p | -TUNEL -TUNEL -c-CASP3 (1 d) -TUNEL, Fluoro-Jade B, CASP 3/7 activity (3 d) -TUNEL, Fluoro-Jade B (1-3 d) |
-O4 -O4 -n.d. -n.d. -n.d. |
-CR, CC -CR, CC -Choroid plexus -PVA, CTX -PVA, CTX |
-NBQX -NOG – -Celecoxib, SC-51089, etanercept -Apocynin |
Dohare et al., 2016 Dummula et al., 2011 Gram et al., 2014 Vinukonda et al., 2010 Georgiadis et al., 2008; Zia et al., 2009 |
BG = basal ganglia; CC = corpus callosum; CASP3 = cleaved caspase-3; CG = cingulum; CTX = cortex; CR = corona radiate; d = day; ga = gestational age; h = hours; i.c. = intracerebral; i.c.v. = intracerebroventricular; NOG = Noggin; P = postnatal day; PI = propidium iodide; PV = periventricular; PVA = periventricular area including germinal matrix, caudate nucleus, corona radiata, and corpus callosum; ROIs = regions of interest (i.e., where cell death is detected); SCWM = subcortical white matter; ST = striatum; UC-MSCs = umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.