Table 1.
Summary of the filtered data on the 332 ND cases reported from 2005 to 2015 period that were analyzed in the current study. The cases in this table are categorized based on the season, production system, and the AEZs (see details in the manuscript text)
| Category | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | Total | % of total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season of the year | Dry (Jan–Feb) | 0 | 13 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 38 | 11.45 |
| Long-rains (Mar–May) | 1 | 81 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 131 | 39.46 | |
| Cold (Jun–Oct) | 9 | 34 | 18 | 8 | 2 | 18 | 12 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 117 | 35.24 | |
| Short-rains (Nov–Dec) | 5 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 46 | 13.86 | |
| Category of submitter1 | DVO | 1 | 32 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 12.65 |
| Owner (farmer) | 3 | 46 | 14 | 10 | 1 | 17 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 127 | 38.25 | |
| Private Vet | 0 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 3.92 | |
| RVIL | 11 | 39 | 15 | 6 | 6 | 21 | 11 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 136 | 40.96 | |
| VEEU | 0 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 4.22 | |
| Type of bird | Chicken | 14 | 124 | 32 | 18 | 10 | 39 | 25 | 35 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 318 | 95.78 |
| Duck | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 2.11 | |
| Turkey | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1.20 | |
| Goose | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0.90 | |
| Poultry production system | Caged | 0 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 37 | 11.14 |
| Free-range | 6 | 46 | 13 | 5 | 2 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 95 | 28.61 | |
| Intensive | 9 | 68 | 18 | 12 | 6 | 19 | 16 | 26 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 187 | 56.33 | |
| “Unknown” * | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 3.92 | |
| Agro-ecological zone (AEZ) | Zone II: (upper highlands) | 1 | 32 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 63 | 18.98 |
| Zone III: (lower highlands) | 9 | 28 | 12 | 5 | 7 | 22 | 11 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 118 | 35.54 | |
| Zone IV: (upper midlands) | 2 | 57 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 120 | 36.14 | |
| Zone V: (lower midlands) | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 2.71 | |
| Zone VI: (inner lowlands) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0.90 | |
| Zone VII: (Coastal lowlands) | 3 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 5.72 | |
| Total numbers of reported ND cases | 15 | 136 | 33 | 18 | 10 | 39 | 25 | 35 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 332 | 332 | |
| AOaV-1 test results | Negative | 12 | 81 | 25 | 14 | 8 | 14 | 9 | 20 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 188 | 56.63 |
| Probable-positive | 3 | 55 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 25 | 16 | 15 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 144 | 43.37 | |
1DVO, Directorate of veterinary Services; RVIL, Regional Veterinary Investigation Laboratories; VEEU, Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Unit
*“Unknown” refers to cases from undefined poultry production system (i.e., production system were not recorded during the sample submission, but all the other records were availed)