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. 2020 Feb 24;10:3308. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60130-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Nestedness of community composition indicates selection-dominated community assembly. Top: Presence (colored) or absence (white) of each microbial phylum in a representative set of 2,000 samples from the EMP. Reproduced from Figure 3 of the EMP report¹. Different colors represent different biomes. Bottom: Presence (black) or absence (white) of species in simulated communities. Two different regimes of community assembly were simulated. The first is the selection-dominated scenario of Fig. 2, where variability in diversity is produced by variations in environmental harshness, and all samples are initialized with the vast majority (150/180) of the species in the regional pool. The second is a dispersal-dominated scenario, where environmental conditions are identical for all samples, but each sample is initialized with a different number of species, varying from 1 to 180. See main text and Methods for simulation details.