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. 2020 Feb 24;11:1025. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14930-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Three components (cell-laden bioink, polycaprolactone (PCL), and sacrificial bioink) were printed in a layer-by-layer fashion using our custom 3D bioprinting system. b Design concept using 3D CAD modeling of the bioprinted construct. The cell-laden bioink containing hMPCs and/or hNSCs, the acellular sacrificing bioink, and the supporting PCL pillar were deposited by the multi-dispensing modules. c Microchannels in the constructs created after the removal of the sacrificial patterns to maintain the viability of printed cells.