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. 2020 Feb 24;10:3238. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59992-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The ontogeny in isotopic niche of male Antarctic fur seals (blue) as they age compared to Standard Ellipse Areas (SEAs) of female Group 1 (red) and female Group 2 (grey). Males are aged (a) 0.5–1 year; (b) 1–2 years; (c) 2–3 years; (d) 3–4 years; (e) 4–5 years; (f) 5–6years; (g) 6–7 years; (h) 7–8 years. Points are isotopic values of each whisker sample and bold dashed ellipses represent SEAs using 40% of data points for each group: blue represents the isotopic niche of males; red SEA represents the overall isotopic niche of female Group 1 (females with lower mean δ¹³C values than estimated δ¹³C value of whiskers at the Polar Front) and grey SEA represents the overall isotopic niche of female Group 2 (females with lower mean δ¹³C values than estimated δ¹³C value of whiskers at the Polar Front). Figure was created using R software (v3.6.1; https://www.R-project.org/).