Fig. 7. Increased S100A16 expression in HK-2 cells drives Ca²⁺ accumulation in the cytoplasm and promotes cytoskeleton reorganization.

a, b Normal and S100A16-overexpressing HK-2 cells were treated with TGF-β (20 ng/ml) or BAPTA-AM (10 µM), and the intracellular calcium concentration was measured using Rhod-2 AM, a fluorescent Ca²⁺ indicator probe. c–f. Representative bands of western blots are shown for the expression of Myh9, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, and S100A16 in normal and S100A16-overexpressing HK-2 cells after BAPTA-AM treatment. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. scrambled; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01. g Representative images showing the reorganization of F-actin protein in S100A16-overexpressing HK-2 cells after treatment with TGF-β (20 ng/ml) (arrows, cytoskeleton remodeling HK-2 cells). Scale bar = 20 μm.