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. 2020 Feb 24;10:3318. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60150-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Principle component analysis (PCA) score plots and the pathway analysis map of serum metabolites in piglets fed with low protein diets. (A) PCA score plots of serum metabolites. Each node represents an individual pig. (B) The map of pathway analysis for the metabolites detected in the blood serum. Each circle represents a metabolic pathway with the scores obtained from topology analysis (pathway impact; the x-axis) and the pathway enrichment analysis (y-axis). The color of each circle is based on its p-value, while the size of each circle is based on its impact values. Therefore, larger size circles are indicative of higher pathway impact, while darker colors circles are suggestive of more significant changes of metabolites and higher pathway enrichment. No difference in pathway enrichment was found between CON and 18% crude protein (CP) or between 18% CP and 12% CP. Therefore, the data for both CON and 18% CP were combined and compared with 12% CP for pathway enrichment. CON, control diet with 24% CP; 18% CP, low protein diet with 18% CP; 12% CP, low protein diet with 12% CP. n = 7, n = 7, n = 8 for CON, 18% CP and 12% CP groups, respectively.