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. 2020 Feb 18;11:172. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00172

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Copyright © 2020 Han, Takvorian and Weiss.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Germination of microsporidian spore. Anncaliia algerae spores incubated in germination buffer and processed for TEM. The sequence of images illustrates the events that occur in the germination process. (a) Typical A. algerae spore; (b) spore coat bulging; (c) spore coat rupture and polaroplast expanded; (d) early eversion and translocation of polar tube (PT); (e) majority of PT extruded, nuclear and cytoplasmic structures still in spore; (f) no PT coils remain in spore but sporoplasm still present; (g) spore “membrane channels” visible immediately below endospore; (h) posterior vacuole, diplokaryon and MIN (sporoplasm) the last structures exiting the spore shell; (i) empty spore shell with PT still attached. Reprinted with the permission of the publisher (Cali and Takvorian, 2014).