Table 2.
Antigen-specific immune responses in water, cow milk, and goat milk fed mice.
|
Naïve (N) |
OVA (O) |
OVA with cow milk (CO) |
OVA with low dose goat milk (LO) |
OVA with medium dose goat milk (MO) |
OVA with high dose goat milk (HO) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) TOTAL IMMUNOGLOBULINS | ||||||
| IgA (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Mean ± SEM | 189.2 ± 19.1 | 236.1 ± 42.4 | 169.7 ± 14.1 | 195.6 ± 24.0 | 205.2 ± 20.9 | 204.7 ± 15.3 |
| IgM (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Mean ± SEM | 169.6 ± 23.6 | 455.6 ± 60.7*a | 708.4 ± 51.3*a,*b | 770.7 ± 69.6**a,*b | 798.4 ± 132**a,*b | 768.5 ± 61**a,*b |
| IgG (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Mean ± SEM | 34.3 ± 10.6 | 63.4 ± 18.1 | 99.5 ± 13.8 | 188.6 ± 35.3**a,*c | 203.0 ± 40.5**a,*c | 166.7 ± 15.2**a,*c |
| (B) OVA-SPECIFIC IMMUNOGLOBULINS (O.D. 450 nm) | ||||||
| Spe IgA | ||||||
| Mean ± SEM | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.23 ± 0.06 | 0.28 ± 0.04 | 0.28 ± 0.04 | 0.38 ± 0.05*a | 0.26 ± 0.03 |
| Spe IgM | ||||||
| Mean ± SEM | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.91 ± 0.19*a | 1.02 ± 0.10**a | 1.20 ± 0.14**a | 1.17 ± 0.22**a | 0.99 ± 0.14*a |
| Spe IgG | ||||||
| Mean ± SEM | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 1.76 ± 0.23*a | 2.30 ± 0.06*a | 2.46 ± 0.07**a | 2.46 ± 0.15*a | 2.32 ± 0.12*a |
| Spe IgG1 | ||||||
| Mean ± SEM | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 2.18 ± 0.23*a | 2.71 ± 0.1**a | 2.60 ± 0.08*a | 2.66 ± 0.15*a | 2.75 ± 0.12**a |
| Spe IgG2a | ||||||
| Mean ± SEM | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.36 ± 0.10 | 0.92 ± 0.29**a,*b | 0.59 ± 0.17*a | 0.51 ± 0.11*a | 0.51 ± 0.09*a |
| (C) SPLEEN CELL PROLIFERATION | ||||||
| At 24 h | ||||||
| PHA/Medium | 1.07 ± 0.04 | 1.38 ± 0.10 | 1.22 ± 0.06 | 1.28 ± 0.09 | 1.28 ± 0.05 | 1.27 ± 0.05 |
| OVA/Medium | 1.02 ± 0.01 | 1.21 ± 0.06 | 1.11 ± 0.04 | 1.08 ± 0.02*a | 1.10 ± 0.03 | 1.13 ± 0.02 |
| LPS/Medium | 1.04 ± 0.02 | 1.27 ± 0.09 | 1.15 ± 0.07 | 1.14 ± 0.06 | 1.17 ± 0.07 | 1.13 ± 0.04 |
| At 48 h | ||||||
| PHA/Medium | 1.20 ± 0.08 | 2.46 ± 0.48 | 2.13 ± 0.36 | 1.815 ± 0.31 | 1.98 ± 0.16 | 1.83 ± 0.15 |
| OVA/Medium | 0.95 ± 0.01 | 1.30 ± 0.12 | 1.21 ± 0.08 | 1.20 ± 0.08 | 1.17 ± 0.05 | 1.23 ± 0.05 |
| LPS/Medium | 1.15 ± 0.09 | 1.46 ± 0.21 | 1.30 ± 0.15 | 1.18 ± 0.10 | 1.21 ± 0.12 | 1.17 ± 0.04 |
| (D) CYTOKINE PRODUCTION | ||||||
| IFN-γ(pg/mL) 48 h | ||||||
| PHA | 543.7 ± 156.4 | 905.1 ± 219.5*a | 838.1 ± 179.3*a | 1214 ± 266.5*a | 1463 ± 255.5*a | 1452 ± 213.2*a*c |
| OVA | 4.44 ± 0.41 | 25.57 ± 3.41*a | 37.52 ± 5.67*a | 78.35 ± 19.57*a | 46.34 ± 7.48*a | 48.47 ± 11.88*a |
| LPS | 3.81 ± 0.09 | 15.04 ± 5.93 | 95.40 ± 31.14*a | 90.87 ± 30.69*a | 223.9 ± 85.95*a | 338.7 ± 143.1*a |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) 48 h | ||||||
| PHA | 6.68 ± 2.13 | 17.82 ± 4.16 | 19.53 ± 3.40 | 19.13 ± 6.26 | 23.72 ± 4.11 | 22.15 ± 2.55 |
| OVA | 33.6 ± 8.5 | 172.3 ± 20.6 | 239.3 ± 21.1*a | 167.1 ± 45.6 | 204.2 ± 25.5 | 305.9 ± 59.5*a |
| LPS | 3.80 ± 0.13 | 3.81 ± 0.12 | 3.99 ± 0.14 | 3.60 ± 0.13 | 3.88 ± 0.15 | 3.80 ± 0.13 |
| (E) FLOW CYTOMETRY | ||||||
| CD3+(MFI) | 39.62 ± 1.89 | 36.96 ± 1.42 | 34.81 ± 1.47 | 37.70 ± 1.39 | 40.29 ± 1.64*b | 39.81 ± 1.22*b |
| CD3+/CD4+ | 17.82 ± 1.34 | 13.37 ± 1.25 | 14.71 ± 1.24 | 15.42 ± 1.77 | 16.70 ± 1.85 | 16.22 ± 1.62 |
| CD3+/CD8+ | 14.12 ± 1.20 | 12.43 ± 1.08 | 12.19 ± 0.77 | 12.42 ± 0.57 | 13.16 ± 0.55 | 12.94 ± 0.88 |
| CD3−/CD45R+ | 32.45 ± 2.99 | 28.64 ± 2.22 | 29.50 ± 1.34 | 28.89 ± 1.95 | 29.65 ± 2.33 | 29.68 ± 1.68 |
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01.
a
as compared to control group (N).
b
as compared to OVA-immunized group (O).
c
as compared to cow milk-fed (CO) group.
Bold values as statistically significance.