Table 1.
C-type lectin-like receptors sensing DAMPs.
| Gene name | Expression | DAMP ligand/s | Functional effects | Associated diseases | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLEC8A, OLR-1, LOX-1 | OLR1 (Hs) Olr1 (Mm) | EC, mDC, moDC, B, MØ (Hs and Mm) | oxLDL, oxHDL, apoptotic bodies, phospha-tidylserine | ↑ ROS, corpse uptake; ag capture and presentation | Promotes atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, coronary artery diseases and cancers |
| CLEC4E, MINCLE, CLECSF9 | CLEC4E (Hs) Clec4e (Mm) | MØ, PMN (Hs and Mm) | SAP130, β-GlcCer, cholesterol sulfate and crystal | Necrotic cell uptake, ↑TNFα, IL-6, CXCL1, IL-1, MIP-1α/β, MIP-2 | Promotes obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, allergic contact dermatitis, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, hepatitis, sepsis and multiple sclerosis |
| CLEC12A, MICL, DCAL-2, CLL-1, CD371 | CLEC12A (Hs) Clec12a (Mm) | CMP, GMP, MEP, MØ, Bs, Gr, Mo, DC (Hs and Mm) | Mono-sodium urate crystals | Necrotic cell ag cross-presentation, SYK inhibition, ↓CXCL1/10 and excessive neutrophil infiltration ↓ ROS, IL-8 ↑Type-I IFN | Reduces gout arthritis |
| CLEC9A, DNGR-1, CD370 | CLEC9A (Hs) Clec9a (Mm) | CDPs; XCR1+ DC, pDC (Mm) BDCA3+ DC (Hs) | F-actin | Necrotic cell ag cross-presentation, ↓ MIP-2 and excessive neutrophil infiltration | Promotes atherosclerosis and pancreatitis |
CLRs reported to interact with DAMPs and discussed in this review. Hs, Homo sapiens; Mm, Mus musculus; CDPs, common DC progenitors; CMP, common myeloid progenitor; GMP, granulocyte myeloid progenitors; MEP, megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors; Gr, Granulocytes; Bs, Basophils; MØ, Macrophages; Mo, Monocytes; B, B cells; EC, Endothelial cells; PMNs, polymorphonuclear leukocyte; moDCs, monocyte-derived DCs; mDC, myeloid DC; pDC, plasmacytoid DC; ag, antigen.