Table 2.
Molecular mechanism of argon
| Argon | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Effects revealed in human | Effects revealed in in vivo | Effects revealed in in vitro | Organprotection |
| Loetscher et al. [101], Fahlenkamp et al. [102], Ulbrich et al. [103] | Activation of MEK-ERK 1/2pathway | Brain | ||
| Abraini et al. [104] | Binding to GABAA-receptor | Brain | ||
| Fahlenkamp et al. [105] | ↑ IL-1beta, ↑IL-6, ↑iNOS, ↑TGF-beta, | Brain | ||
| Zhuang et al. [106] | ↑ Bcl-2 | Brain | ||
| Ulbrich et al. [107] | Inhibition TLR 2/4 | Brain | ||
| Ulbrich et al. [103] | ↑ERK1/2,↑Heme-oxygenase-1 | Brain | ||
| Zhao et al. [108] | PI3K Signaling, ↑Nrf2 | Brain | ||
↑ upregulation; ↓ downregulation; ≈ no changes, blockade; AMPA a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolole propionate, kainate; Bcl-2 B cell lymphoma 2; GABAA receptor gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor; LPS lipopolysaccharide; ERK1/2 extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2; MEK1/2 = MAPKK mitogen-activated protein kinase; mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin; Nrf2 nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 3; TLR Toll-like receptor; NF-κB nuclear factor “kappa-light-chain-enhancer” of activated B cells