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. 2019 Dec;19(4):2934–2944. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v19i4.14

Table 2.

The comparison between the pregnant women having depressive symptoms and sleep habits

Sleep characteristics Depressive
symptoms
yes
Depressive
symptoms
no
Test and
significance *
Insomnia
Yes 124 (44.4) 155 (55.6) X2= 13.339
p < 0.001
No 42 (26.8) 115 (73.2)
Sleep duration /day
≤7 117 (70.5) 154 (57.0) X2 = 7.900
p < 0.05
>7 49 (29.5) 116 (43.0)
Change in sleep habits in pregnancy
Yes 157 (94.6) 221 (81.9) X2 =
p < 0
No 9 (5.4) 49 (18.1)
Change in sleep habits in pregnancy
Decrease in sleep 147 (88.6) 204 (75.6) X2: 16.741
*p < 0.001
Increase in sleep 11 (6.6) 16 (5.9)
No change 8 (4.8) 50 (18.5)
Snoring
Yes 33 (19.9) 44 (16.3) X2 = 0.908
p > 0.05
No 133 (80.1) 226 (83.7)
Sleep during the day
Yes 45 (27.1) 67 (24.8) X2 = 0.283
p > 0.05
No 121 (72.9) 203 (75.2)
Waking up feeling rested in the morning
Yes 38 (22.9) 130 (48.1) X2 = 27.686
p < 0.001
No 128 (77.1) 140 (51.9)
Taking preventive actions to reduce insomnia
Yes 55 (40.4) 72 (42.4) X2 = 0.114
p > 0.05
No 81 (59.6) 98 (57.6)
Total 166 (38.1) 270 (61.9)

X2= Chi-square test