Table 2.
Routine clinical findings associated with the presence of esophageal varices at endoscopy: proportions, crude odds ratios, and their 95% confidence intervals
| Factor variables | Varices | No varices | Crude odds ratios (95%CI) |
| N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Age ≤39 years | 25 (29) | 4 (19) | 1.7 (0.5–6) |
| Female gender | 53 (62) | 11 (52) | 1.5 (0.6–3.8) |
| Born in Pakwach | 67 (78) | 15 (71) | 1.4 (0.5–4.1) |
| Resident in Pakwach> 10 years | 77 (90) | 17 (81) | 2.0 (0.6–7.3) |
| >2 contacts a week with the waters of the Nile | 86 (100) | 21 (100) | - |
| Farmer (occupation) | 63 (73) | 16 (76) | 0.9 (0.3–2.6) |
| Prior Praziquantel use | 75 (87) | 18 (85) | 1.1 (0.3–4.5) |
| Previously admitted for upper gastrointestinal bleeding | 84 (98) | 19 (90) | 4.4 (0.6–33.4) |
| Currently admitted for severe acute variceal bleeding | 19 (22) | 4 (19) | 1.2 (0.4–4) |
| Number lifetime of episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding | |||
| 1 | 33 (39) | 13 (62) | |
| 2–3 | 27 (31) | 7 (33) | 2.4 (1.2–4.9)* |
| 4 and more | 26 (30) | 1 (5) | |
| Previous blood transfusion | 64 (72) | 9 (43) | 3.9 (1.4–10.5)* |
| Alcohol use | 4 (5) | 0 | - |
| Jaundice | 10 (11) | 1 (5) | 2.6 (0.3–21.8) |
| Ascites | 17 (20) | 1 (5) | 4.9 (0.6–39.3) |
| Liver flap | 8 (9) | 2 (10) | 0.9 (0.2–4.9) |
| Edema | 11 (13) | 1 (5) | |
| #Splenomegaly at palpation | 78 (96) | 14 (67) | 13 (3–56) * |
| WHO ultrasound patterns | |||
| A+C | 1 (1) | 8 (38) | 4.8 (1.9–12.3)* |
| D+E+F | 51 (59) | 8 (38) | |
| X | 34 (40) | 5 (24) | |
| Platelet count spleen diameter ratio .909 | 79 (92) | 6 (29) | 28 (8–96)* |
| Portal vein diameter ≤13 mm | 69 (80) | 10 (48) | 4.5 (1.6–12.2)* |
| Hepatitis B surface antigen positive | 5 (6) | 2 (9) | 0.54 (0.1–3.25) |
| Hepatitis C-antibody positive | 21 (24) | 7 (33) | 0.65 (0.23–1.81) |
| Urine circulating cathodic antigen positive | 5 (6) | 4 (19) | 0.26 (0.06–1.07) |
| Platelet count ≤ 140 x109/L | 82 (95) | 12 (43) | 27 (7.3–103)* |
| Hemoglobin level ≤80g/L | 26 (30) | 6 (29) | 1.1 (0.4–3.1) |
*
P-value <0.05; 95% confidence intervals do not cross 1
#5 missing evaluations due to tense ascites.