Table 2.
Comparisons between patients according to relevant findings on TTE.
| Variables | No relevant findings 299 (62%) | Relevant findings 183 (38%) | p-value | Multivariable logistic regression model 1a | Multivariable logistic regression model 2b | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||||
| Age, median (IQR) | 71 (60–80) | 70 (59–80) | 0.91 | ||||
| Female sex, n (%) | 159 (53) | 78 (42) | 0.02 | 0.7 (0.48–1.02) | 0.07 | 0.67 (.45–0.98) | 0.04 |
| Race | 0.44 | ||||||
| White | 185 (62) | 121 (66) | |||||
| African American | 52 (17) | 23 (13) | |||||
| Hispanic | 11 (4) | 8 (4) | |||||
| Asian | 8 (3) | 2 (1) | |||||
| Other/Unknown | 43 (14) | 29 (16) | |||||
| Cardiovascular comorbidities | |||||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 213 (71) | 139 (76) | 0.3 | ||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 92 (31) | 63 (34) | 0.43 | ||||
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 156 (52) | 101 (55) | 0.56 | ||||
| Current smoking, n (%) | 45 (15) | 34 (19) | 0.37 | ||||
| CHF, n (%) | 22 (7) | 18 (10) | 0.35 | ||||
| Afib, n (%) | 52 (17) | 40 (22) | 0.28 | ||||
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 41 (14) | 46 (25) | 0.002 | 1.95 (1.21–3.15) | 0.006 | 1.9 (1.17–3.11) | 0.01 |
| Prior Stroke or TIA, n (%) | 50 (17) | 22 (12) | 0.19 | ||||
| CKD, n (%) | 22 (7) | 25 (14) | 0.02 | 1.95 (1.05–3.63) | 0.03 | 1.79 (0.95–3.41) | 0.07 |
| Laboratory values | |||||||
| Hemoglobin A1C, median (IQR) | 5.7 (5.3–6.7) | 5.7 (5.3–6.9) | 0.67 | ||||
| Total Cholesterol, mean (±SD) | 167 (136–202.5) | 158 (128–196) | 0.051 | ||||
| Triglycerides, mean (±SD) | 115 (83–154) | 113 (86–156) | 0.91 | ||||
| HDL, mean (±SD) | 46.5 (37–58) | 43 (35–54) | 0.03 | ||||
| LDL, mean (±SD) | 92 (66–121) | 88 (60–115) | 0.09 | ||||
| Stroke subtypes | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Large artery atherosclerosis, n (%) | 88 (29) | 26 (14) | 0.0001 | 0.48 (0.27–0.81) | 0.007 | ||
| Cardioembolic, n (%) | 90 (30) | 90 (49) | <0.0001 | 1.52 (0.98–2.36) | 0.06 | ||
| Small vessel/lacunar | 47 (16) | 22 (12) | 0.29 | ||||
| ESUS | 52 (17) | 26 (14) | 0.37 | ||||
| Other defined causes | 22 (7) | 20 (11) | 0.19 | ||||
| Medications | |||||||
| Anticoagulation on presentation, n (%) | 37 (12) | 36 (20) | 0.03 | 1.69 (1.01–2.82) | 0.04 | 0.2 | |
| Antiplatelets on presentation, n (%) | 157 (53) | 82 (45) | 0.08 | ||||
| Statins on presentation, n (%) | 152 (51) | 98 (53) | 0.63 | ||||
| Antihypertensives, n (%) | 204 (68) | 127 (69) | 0.89 | ||||
| Acute treatment | |||||||
| tPA given, n (%) | 62 (21) | 31 (17) | 0.3 | ||||
| Mechanical thrombectomy, n (%) | 27 (9) | 17 (9) | 1 | ||||
a
Multivariable model including variables that reached statistical significance (p-value < 0.05) in univariable analyses excluding stroke subtype.
b
Variables included in model 1 plus stroke subtypes (if they reached statistical significance in univariable comparisons).