Table 1. Materials used in the study.
| Material | Batch Number | Type | Composition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CeraSmart (FHC; GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan) | 150625A | Flexible hybrid ceramic | Bis-MEPP, UDMA, Dimethacrylate. |
| Filler: SiO2, barium glass, 71% by weight. | |||
| Lava Ultimate (RNC; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) | N619802 | Resin nanoceramic | Bis-GMA, UDMA, Bis-EMA, TEGDMA. |
| Filler: SiO2, ZrO2, Si/ZrO2 cluster, 80% by weight. | |||
| Vita Enamic (PICN; Vita Zahnfabrik H. Rauter, Bad Sackingen, Germany) | 51540 | Polymer infiltrated ceramic network | UDMA, TEGDMA. |
| Filler: Feldspar ceramic enriched with aluminum oxide, 86% by weight. | |||
| Vitablocks Mark II (FC; Vita Zahnfabrik H. Rauter, Bad Sackingen, Germany) | 35360 | Feldspar ceramic | Fine-particle feldspar ceramic. |
| Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) | 665259 | Universal adhesive | 2-HEMA, 10-MDP, dimethacrylate resins, Vitrebond™ copolymer, silane, filler, ethanol, water, initiators. pH: 2.7 |
Abbreviations: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP), Bisphenol A polyethethylene glycol diether dimethacrylate (Bis-EMA), Bisphenol A diglycidylmethacrylate (Bis-GMA), 2,2-Bis (4-methacryloxypolyethoxyphenyl) propane (Bis-MEPP), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA).