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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2019 Jun 6;11(5):e1559. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1559

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Synthetic SNA-based nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy. (a) Schematic diagram of an SNA platform, which contain a shell of TLR agonist or TLR antagonist. (b) Schematic depiction of proposed mechanism for uptake and TLR interaction between APCs and SNAs. (c–f) Confocal microscopy image showing the Au-SNAs have been internalized. (g) IS-SNAs were tested for their ability to induce NF-κB following incubation with RAW-Blue macrophages overnight. (h) IS-SNAs enhance humoral and cellular immune responses to antigen, independent of core template. (Reprinted with permission from Radovic-Moreno et al. (2015). Copyright 2015 National Academy of Sciences Publishing Group)