. 2020 Feb 11;4(2):278–284. doi: 10.1002/rth2.12307

Table 4.

Potential bleeding risk factors for patients taking a DOAC

Variable	Any bleed n = 31	No bleed n = 55
Age, median (LQ; UQ)	74 (71; 79)	73 (66; 78)
BMI (kg/m²), median (LQ; UQ)	29.4 (23.4; 34.0)	30.1 (26.4; 34.6)
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), median (LQ; UQ)	135 (128; 146)	131 (120; 147)
Number of teeth extracted, median (LQ; UQ)	2 (1; 2)	1 (1; 2)
Extraction duration (min), median (LQ; UQ)	20 (15; 32)	15 (11; 24)
Cockcroft‐Gault CrCl (mL/min), median (LQ; UQ)	71 (54; 101)	82 (59; 107)
Hours since DOAC ingestion, median (LQ; UQ)	5.0 (3.3; 7.0)	5.5 (3.3; 6.8)
Higher DOAC dose,^a n (%) (95% CI)	19 (61) (43.8‐76.3)	35 (64) (50.4‐75.1)
Patient reported history of excessive bleeding, n (%), (95% CI)	7 (23) (11.4‐39.8)	9 (16) (8.9‐28.3)
Smoker, n (%) (95% CI)	2 (6) (1.8‐20.7)	5/54 (9) (4.1‐19.9)
Concurrent antiplatelet therapy, n (%) (95% CI)	3 (10) (3.4‐24.9)	6 (11) (5.1‐21.8)
Mouthwash use prior to dental extraction, n (%), (95% CI)	13 (42) (26.4‐59.3)	16/54 (30) (19.1‐42.8)
Preextraction antibiotic use, n (%) (95% CI)	2 (6) (1.8‐20.7)	8 (15) (7.7‐26.2)
Extraction of posterior teeth compared to anterior teeth only, n (%) (95% CI)	25 (81) (63.7‐90.8)	33 (64) (46.8‐71.9)
Gingival bleeding on probing,^b n (%) (95% CI)	14/26 (54) (35.5‐71.3)	19/41 (48) (32.1‐61.3)
Periodontitis as extraction indication,^c n (%) (95% CI)	21 (68) (50.1‐81.4)	40 (73) (59.8‐82.7)
Surgical extraction compared to simple extraction, n (%) (95% CI)	8 (26) (13.7‐43.3)	7 (13) (6.3‐24.1)
Achievement of primary closure, n (%) (95% CI)	8 (26) (13.7‐43.3)	12 (22) (13.0‐34.4)

Variable

Any bleed

n = 31

No bleed

n = 55

Age, median (LQ; UQ)

74 (71; 79)

73 (66; 78)

BMI (kg/m²), median (LQ; UQ)

29.4 (23.4; 34.0)

30.1 (26.4; 34.6)

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), median (LQ; UQ)

135 (128; 146)

131 (120; 147)

Number of teeth extracted, median (LQ; UQ)

2 (1; 2)

1 (1; 2)

Extraction duration (min), median (LQ; UQ)

20 (15; 32)

15 (11; 24)

Cockcroft‐Gault CrCl (mL/min), median (LQ; UQ)

71 (54; 101)

82 (59; 107)

Hours since DOAC ingestion, median (LQ; UQ)

5.0 (3.3; 7.0)

5.5 (3.3; 6.8)

Higher DOAC dose,^a n (%)

(95% CI)

19 (61)

(43.8‐76.3)

35 (64)

(50.4‐75.1)

Patient reported history of excessive bleeding, n (%), (95% CI)

7 (23)

(11.4‐39.8)

9 (16)

(8.9‐28.3)

Smoker, n (%)

(95% CI)

2 (6)

(1.8‐20.7)

5/54 (9)

(4.1‐19.9)

Concurrent antiplatelet therapy, n (%)

(95% CI)

3 (10)

(3.4‐24.9)

6 (11)

(5.1‐21.8)

Mouthwash use prior to dental extraction, n (%), (95% CI)

13 (42)

(26.4‐59.3)

16/54 (30)

(19.1‐42.8)

Preextraction antibiotic use, n (%)

(95% CI)

2 (6)

(1.8‐20.7)

8 (15)

(7.7‐26.2)

Extraction of posterior teeth compared to anterior teeth only, n (%) (95% CI)

25 (81)

(63.7‐90.8)

33 (64)

(46.8‐71.9)

Gingival bleeding on probing,^b n (%)

(95% CI)

14/26 (54)

(35.5‐71.3)

19/41 (48)

(32.1‐61.3)

Periodontitis as extraction indication,^c n (%)

(95% CI)

21 (68)

(50.1‐81.4)

40 (73)

(59.8‐82.7)

Surgical extraction compared to simple extraction, n (%) (95% CI)

8 (26)

(13.7‐43.3)

7 (13)

(6.3‐24.1)

Achievement of primary closure, n (%)

(95% CI)

8 (26)

(13.7‐43.3)

12 (22)

(13.0‐34.4)

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CrCl, creatinine clearance; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; LQ, lower quartile; UQ, upper quartile.

Higher dose = apixaban 5 mg twice a day, dabigatran 150 mg twice a day, rivaroxaban 20 mg daily.

Bleeding on probing is an indication of active gingival inflammation.

Nonperiodontitis indications include deep caries and cracked tooth.