Table 3.
Calculated mean bending moment (in Ncm) and standard deviation depending on the implant design, several covariables and treatments.
| Overall 1 | 1-Piece | 2-Piece | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | |
| Overall | 731 | 386.4 | 167.6 | 495 | 431.9 | 151.0 | 236 | 291.7 | 162.4 |
| Material | |||||||||
| Y-TZP | 577 | 378.7 | 160.1 | 383 | 422.2 | 143.4 | 194 | 284.3 | 155.7 |
| ATZ | 154 | 418.7 | 106.0 | 112 | 475.8 | 180.7 | 42 | 318.6 | 194.0 |
| Manufacturing | |||||||||
| Subtractive | 591 2 | 397.5 | 177.4 | 417 | 457.4 | 154.4 | 174 | 260.1 | 149.6 |
| Injection molded | 120 2 | 364.8 | 116.7 | 70 | 329.4 | 73.7 | 50 | 426.8 | 154.4 |
| Implant diameter | |||||||||
| 3.0–3.3 mm | 15 | 207.2 | 14.3 | 9 | 215.0 | 6.7 | 6 | 191.6 | - |
| 3.8–4.4 mm | 675 | 394.9 | 170.4 | 463 | 441.3 | 152.7 | 212 | 293.6 | 165.0 |
| 4.5–5.0 mm | 41 | 349.4 | 125.4 | 23 | 388.0 | 59.4 | 18 | 301.2 | 178.0 |
| Anatomical crown supply | |||||||||
| Yes | 209 | 237.5 | 96.6 | 74 | 327.0 | 65.4 | 135 | 186.9 | 71.4 |
| No | 522 | 455.2 | 147.7 | 421 | 453.2 | 154.8 | 101 | 463.9 | 114.2 |
| Abutment preparation | |||||||||
| Yes | - | - | - | 112 | 411.3 | 126.2 | - | - | - |
| No | - | - | - | 383 | 436.5 | 156.5 | - | - | - |
| Implant-Abutment-Connection | |||||||||
| Screw-retained | - | - | - | - | - | - | 159 | 327.5 | 179.0 |
| Bonded | - | - | - | - | - | - | 77 | 217.0 | 86.0 |
| Thermal aging | |||||||||
| Thermal cycling | 310 | 355.5 | 171.7 | 218 | 426.5 | 149.4 | 92 | 174.6 | 41.1 |
| High temperature | 124 | 392.9 | 115.9 | 75 | 362.6 | 96.4 | 49 | 453.4 | 135.1 |
| None | 297 | 406.2 | 180.4 | 202 | 464.0 | 163.2 | 95 | 299.9 | 164.6 |
| Dynamic loading | |||||||||
| Yes | 391 | 389.4 | 169.2 | 250 | 447.7 | 146.6 | 141 | 279.2 | 156.5 |
| No/Group 1 | 340 | 383.2 | 166.3 | 245 | 417.7 | 153.6 | 95 | 303.5 | 171.2 |
| Group 2 | 86 | 258.1 | 111.5 | 66 | 362.6 | 59.4 | 20 | 174.4 | 50.2 |
| Group 3 | 76 | 394.7 | 211.2 | 40 | 457.3 | 188.1 | 36 | 144.4 | 15.0 |
| Group 4 | 132 | 379.6 | 159.7 | 96 | 437.8 | 140.5 | 36 | 205.1 | 20.5 |
| Group 5 | 17 | 580.8 | 55.7 | 17 | 580.8 | 55.7 | - | - | - |
| Group 6 | 80 | 435.1 | 108.3 | 31 | 420.2 | 93.0 | 49 | 443.6 | 122.5 |
n = number of included implants, SD = standard deviation, 1 1- and 2-piece implants pooled together, 2 the authors of one included study could not provide the manufacturing mode for all included implants [28].