Table 1.
Summary of the resin composite products used in the study.
| Material, Abbreviation | Category | Resin Matrix | Main Fillers | Filler Load (wt.%/vol.%) | Photoinitiator | Manufacturer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Filtek Z350 (Z350) | Nano-composite | Bis-GMA, UDMA | Silane-treated ceramic, silica, zirconia | 73/56 | CQ | 3M ESPE, Dental Products, Saint Paul, MN, USA |
| Filtek Bulk-Fill (FB) | Nano-hybrid Bulk-Fill composite | AUDMA, UDMA, DDDMA | Silane-treated ceramics, silica, zirconia | 77/59 | CQ | 3M ESPE, Dental Products, Saint Paul, MN, USA |
| Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill (TB) | Nano-hybrid Bulk-Fill composite | Bis-GMA, Bis-EMA, UDMA | Barium glass, silicate glass | 81/61 | CQ, dibenzoyl germanium derivative (Ivocerin®) | Ivoclar Vivadent, Zurich, Switzerland |
| Sonic Fill 2 (SF2) | Hybrid Bulk-Fill composite | Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, Bis-EMA | Zirconium oxide glass | 81/- | Not disclosed | Kerr Dental, Orange, CA, USA |
| SDR Flow (SDR) | Bulk-Fill flowable composite | Bis-EMA, modified UDMA, TEGDMA | Barium-aluminum-fluorosilicate glass | 68/45 | CQ | Dentsply; Konstanz, Germany |