Table 2.
Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) between genotype groups within a treatment and between the treatments.
| Trait a | GR | FW | RWC | SL | SW | LA_H | RL_H | RW | CHL_14DAG | CHL_21DAG | Na+ _H | K_H | KUpE_H | KUtE_H | KUE_H | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Hydroponics | Mean | 94.1 | 0.10 | 75.77 | 19.5 | 0.3 | 4.4 | 7.1 | 4.7 | 23.4 | 23.3 | 39.1 | 100.3 | 0.42 | 1.1 | 0.44 | |
| Gen† | ** | ** | *** | *** | ** | ** | *** | ** | * | ** | *** | *** | ** | ** | *** | |||
| Treatment | Mean | 80.4 | 0.08 | 73.06 | 16.2 | 0.2 | 3.1 | 11.3 | 3.6 | 22.7 | 22.2 | 55.7 | 30.6 | 0.47 | 1.55 | 0.67 | ||
| Gen† | *** | ** | ** | *** | * | ** | *** | ** | * | ** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | |||
| Genotype × Treatment | *** | *** | * | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | * | ** | *** | *** | ** | *** | *** | |||
| Trait b | DM | CHL | PH | LA_F | RL_F | SpS | GpS | TN | BY | GY | TKW | Na+_F | K_F | KUpE_F | KUtE_F | KUE_F | ||
| Control | 2018 | Mean | 138 | 47.4 | 70.20 | 15.3 | 61.3 | 17.6 | 2.9 | 6.8 | 2.7 | 37.3 | 72.6 | 114.9 | 0.64 | 0.02 | 0.014 | |
| Gen† | * | * | * | ** | *** | ** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ** | ** | |||
| Treatment | Mean | 141 | 43 | 66.3 | 12.5 | 45.6 | 15.7 | 1.8 | 4.6 | 1.7 | 35.6 | 72.2 | 73.2 | 0.81 | 0.02 | 0.019 | ||
| Gen† | * | - | ** | ** | *** | ** | *** | *** | *** | ** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ** | |||
| Genotype × Treatment | ** | *** | ** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ** | *** | *** | *** | - | *** | |||
| Control | 2017 | Mean | 135 | 43.1 | 70.9 | 24.6 | 56.9 | 17.9 | 40.7 | 2 | 8.8 | 3.7 | 44.6 | 39.1 | 112.3 | 0.62 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Gen† | ** | * | * | ** | ** | ** | *** | * | ** | ** | *** | ** | *** | *** | ** | *** | ||
| Treatment | Mean | 140 | 43 | 58.7 | 15 | 48.5 | 15.9 | 28.2 | 1.3 | 3.6 | 1.6 | 37 | 30.6 | 79.8 | 0.89 | 0.02 | 0.018 | |
| Gen† | ** | - | ** | ** | ** | ** | *** | ** | ** | * | ** | *** | *** | *** | ** | *** | ||
| Genotype × Treatment | *** | - | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ** | *** | *** | *** | * | ||
| Control | 2016 | Mean | 41.2 | 48.6 | 9.3 | 46 | 3.3 | 6.9 | 4.8 | 33.3 | ||||||||
| Gen† | ** | ** | ** | *** | * | ** | ** | *** | ||||||||||
| Treatment | Mean | 41.3 | 53.6 | 6 | 40.8 | 2.9 | 5.7 | 3.4 | 30.4 | |||||||||
| Gen† | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | *** | * | *** | ||||||||||
| Genotype × Treatment | - | *** | *** | *** | ** | *** | *** | ** | ||||||||||
aGermination Rate (GR), Fresh Weight (FW), Relative Water Content (RWC), Shoot Length (SL), Shoot Width (SW), Leaf Area Hydroponics (LA_H), Root Length Hydroponics (RL_H), Root Width (RW), Chlorophyll Measured 14 Days After Germination (Chl_14DAG), Chlorophyll Measured 21 Days After Germination (Chl_21DAG), Sodium in Leaf Hydroponics (Na+_H), Potassium in Leaf Hydroponics (K_H), Potassium Uptake Efficiency Hydroponics (KUpE_H), Potassium Utilization Efficiency Hydroponics (KUtE_H), Potassium Use Efficiency Hydroponics (KUE_H).
bDays to Maturity (DM), Chlorophyll at Heading (CHL), Plant Height (PH), Leaf Area Field (LA_F), Root Length Field (RL_F), Spikelet Per Spike (SpS), Grains Per Spike (GpS), Tiller Number (TN), Biological Yield (BY), Grain Yield (GY), Thousand Kernel Weight (TKW), Sodium in Leaf Field (Na+_F), Potassium in Leaf Field (K_F), Potassium Uptake Efficiency Field (KUpE_F), Potassium Utilization Efficiency Field (KUtE_F), Potassium Use Efficiency Field (KUE_F).
†ANOVA between genotype groups, based on release year of cultivars (c.f. Table S1 ). Asterisks indicate significance level of variance (* ~ P < 0.05, ** ~ P < 0.01, *** ~ P < 0.001).