Table 1:
Demographic Characteristics of the Study Cohort
| No. of Cases | % of Total | |
|---|---|---|
| Total Number of Opioid Naïve Patients | 26,520 | |
| Patient with Postoperative Refill | 2,300 | 8.7% |
| Surgery Type | ||
| Major Surgery | 4,980 | 18.8% |
| Minor Surgery | 21,540 | 81.2% |
| Age (Mean and Std Dev) | 44.5 (12.0) | |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 9249 | 34.9% |
| Female | 17271 | 65.1% |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| White | 19,126 | 72.1% |
| African-American | 2,326 | 8.8% |
| Hispanic | 3,175 | 12.0% |
| Others | 1,893 | 7.1% |
| Education | ||
| <12th Grade | 133 | 0.5% |
| High School | 7056 | 26.6% |
| Some College | 14462 | 54.5% |
| College or more | 4657 | 17.6% |
| Missing/Unknown | 212 | 0.8% |
| Region | ||
| East North Central | 4748 | 17.9% |
| East South Central | 1074 | 4.0% |
| Middle Atlantic | 1766 | 6.7% |
| Mountain | 2693 | 10.2% |
| New England | 788 | 3.0% |
| Pacific | 1584 | 6.0% |
| South Atlantic | 5994 | 22.6% |
| West North Central | 3580 | 13.5% |
| West South Central | 4280 | 16.1% |
| Missing/Unknown | 13 | 0.0% |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (Mean & StdDev) | 0.78 (1.43) | |
| History of Tobacco use | ||
| Yes | 5837 | 22.0% |
| No | 20683 | 78.0% |
| Mental Health Disorder | ||
| Adjustment Disorders | 1186 | 4.5% |
| Anxiety Disorders | 3956 | 14.9% |
| Mood Disorders | 4002 | 15.1% |
| Suicide or self-harm | 82 | 0.3% |
| Disruptive Disorders | 716 | 2.7% |
| Personality Disorders | 56 | 0.2% |
| Psychosis Disorders | 138 | 0.5% |
| Other Disorders | 904 | 3.4% |
| Alcohol or Substance Abuse Disorders | 589 | 2.2% |
| Pain Disorders | ||
| Arthritis | 11811 | 44.5% |
| Back | 6076 | 22.9% |
| Neck | 3219 | 12.1% |
| Other Pain Conditions | 10187 | 38.4% |
| Median Initial OME [Interquartile range] | 200 [112.5] | |