Table 2.

Proposed functions of lncRNAs in spinal motor neuron diseases

LncRNA	Disease	Proposed function	Organism/cell models	Reference
ATXN2-AS	ALS	(CUG)n repeat expansions induce neurotoxicity.	SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells and lymphoblastoid cell lines from ALS patients	[75]
C9ORF72 antisense RNA	ALS	Forms RNA foci and repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation generates dipeptides to cause neurotoxicity.	Drosophila, Zebrafish/Neuro-2a, mouse primary cortical and motor neurons	[91, 96, 134, 138, 151, 155, 161]
NEAT1	ALS	Facilitates paraspeckle formation. High levels of NEAT1 trigger neurotoxicity.	Mouse/NSC-34 MN-like cells	[30, 133]
SMN-AS1	SMA	Recruits PRC2 complex to suppress the SMN gene.	Mouse/human SMA-iPSC-derived MNs, SMNΔ7 mouse cortical neurons	[33, 152]