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. 2020 Feb 18;11:157. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00157

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Copyright © 2020 Gaetani, Boscaro, Pieraccini, Calabresi, Romani, Di Filippo and Zelante.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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In patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), we found a significantly lower urinary concentration of kynurenine (A) (median and interquartile range are reported) and kynurenine/tryptophan (K/T) ratio (B) (median and interquartile range are reported) than in healthy controls (HC). Additionally, a significant negative correlation between urinary K/T and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at urine sampling was found (C). In RRMS patients in proximity (i.e., <30 days) to a clinical relapse, significantly higher urinary indole-3-propionic acid concentrations were found than in clinically stable RRMS patients (D) (median and interquartile range are reported). Moreover, urinary indole-3-propionic acid concentrations were positively correlated with the EDSS score at urine sampling (E). ^*p < 0.05.