Table 1. Characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristics | Study population (n=314) | Low CSVD burden group (n=259) | High CSVD burden group (n=55) | Group differences (P value) |
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | 59.6 (2.7) | 59.5 (2.8) | 59.8 (2.7) | 0.528 |
| Male, n (%) | 144 (45.9) | 116 (44.8) | 28 (50.9) | 0.408 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 166 (52.9) | 132 (51.0) | 34 (61.8) | 0.143 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 36 (11.5) | 30 (11.6) | 6 (10.9) | 0.887 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 153 (48.7) | 125 (48.3) | 28 (50.9) | 0.721 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 133 (42.4) | 106 (40.9) | 27 (49.1) | 0.266 |
| Current drinker, n (%) | 99 (31.5) | 76 (29.3) | 23 (41.8) | 0.071 |
| Height, cm | 157.2 (8.2) | 157.2 (8.3) | 157.1 (8.2) | 0.958 |
| Neuroimaging characteristics | ||||
| TIV#, cm3 | 1501.4 (159.5) | 1499.9 (160.9) | 1508.9 (153.2) | 0.720 |
| WMH volume#, cm3 | 1.6 (2.2) | 1.1 (1.1) | 3.9 (3.9) | <0.001 |
| Presence of severe WMH, n (%) | 28 (8.9) | 0 (0.0) | 28 (50.9) | <0.001 |
| Presence of Lacunes, n (%) | 71 (22.6) | 22 (8.5) | 49 (89.1) | <0.001 |
| Number of lacunes | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.1 (0.3) | 1.6 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| Presence of large PVS, n (%) | 61 (19.4) | 38 (14.7) | 23 (41.8) | <0.001 |
| Presence of CMBs, n (%) | 58 (18.5) | 14 (5.4) | 44 (80.0) | <0.001 |
| Gait performance characteristics | ||||
| 3-m walking, s | 3.4 (1.1) | 3.3 (0.9) | 3.6 (1.7) | 0.025 |
| Gait velocity, m/s | 0.95 (0.2) | 0.96 (0.2) | 0.91 (0.3) | 0.136 |
| Stride length, m | 1.12 (0.2) | 1.13 (0.2) | 1.08 (0.2) | 0.045 |
| Cadence, steps/min | 116.5 (11.5) | 116.9 (11.4) | 114.9 (11.8) | 0.249 |
| Stride time, s | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2) | 0.387 |
| Maximum swing velocity, m/s | 3.72 (0.5) | 3.75 (0.5) | 3.58 (0.6) | 0.034 |
| Heel-strike angle, ° | 4.1 (6.0) | 4.2 (6.0) | 3.9 (6.3) | 0.745 |
| Toe-off angle, ° | -59.7 (8.6) | -60.1 (8.2) | -57.6 (10.0) | 0.048 |
| Stance phase time, % | 64.7 (2.5) | 64.6 (2.4) | 64.9 (2.9) | 0.483 |
| Tinetti test* | 27.1 (2.1) | 27.2 (1.8) | 26.6 (3.1) | 0.199 |
| TUG test*, s | 10.5 (3.0) | 10.3 (2.5) | 11.5 (4.6) | 0.009 |
Data represented as mean (SD) unless other indicated. Abbreviations: CSVD, cerebral small vessel disease; TIV, total intracranial volume; WMH, white matter hyperintensities; PVS, perivascular spaces; CMBs, cerebral microbleeds; TUG, Timed-Up-and-Go.
# There are 19 (6.1%) missing data in TIV, 3 (1.0%) missing data in WMH volume.
* For skewed variables the logarithm is presented.