The differential expression patterns of 34 candidate genes. (A) Pattern of PTPRN2 in SCZ patients and controls divided by smoking status. (B) Pattern of ARHGAP25 in SCZ patients and controls divided by smoking status. (C–E) Permutation analysis of 34 candidate genes in 18 common pathways (N = 1,588 genes), 84 common pathways (N =3,334 genes), and background genes (N = 45,037) for quetiapine treatment. (F) Plot summarizing Arhgef3 expression changes in quetiapine (at doses of 10 or 100 mg/kg)-treated mice. (G–I) Permutation analysis of 34 candidate genes in 18 common pathways (N = 1,588), 84 common pathways (N = 3,334), and background genes (N = 31,047) for nicotine treatment. (J) Plot summarizing Arhgef3 expression alterations in nicotine (at doses of 8 μg, 15 μg, and 23 μg/L)-treated mice.