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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Immunol Rev. 2019 Jul;290(1):114–126. doi: 10.1111/imr.12768

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) hypercytokinemia mirrors HLH. Patients with severe CRS have a cytokine pattern that is similar to patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Cytokines were measured serially in 14 patients treated with tisagenlecleucel. Figure depicts mean peak cytokine level in the first 35 d after infusion. Cytokines are allocated into 3 groups. Top group (IFNγ, MIP1β, MIG, MCP1, IP10, IL8, IL6, sIL2Ra, and IL10) are those expected to be elevated in patients with HLH. Middle group (TNFα and GM-CSF) are sometimes elevated in patients with HLH and sometimes normal, depending on the type of HLH. Bottom group (IL1B, IL17, IL13, IL12, IL7, IL5, IL4, IL2) are expected to be normal in patients with HLH. Raw data, additional details, and methods were previously published in Teachey et al. (2016)