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. 2019 Dec 17;32(107):S1–S4.

Table 2.

Ocular structures and related disorders to look for during a comprehensive eye examination

Ocular structures Disorders
Eye brows

  • Madarosis (Leprosy, Myxedema)
Eye lids

  • Ptosis

  • Lid retraction

  • Lagophthalmos

  • Entropion

  • Ectropion

  • Trichiasis

  • Distichiasis

  • Blepharitis

  • Chalazion

  • Stye
Palpebral aperture

  • Blepharophimosis

  • Ankyloblepharon
Lacrimal apparatus

  • Fistula

  • Punctual stenosis

  • Regurgitation
Eye balls

  • Proptosis

  • Anophthalmos

  • Enophthalmos

  • Heterotropias
Conjunctiva

  • Discolouration

  • Conjunctivitis

  • Chemosis

  • Circumcorneal congestion

  • Pterygium

  • Pinguecula

  • Follicles

  • Papillae

  • Symblepharon

  • Foreign body
Sclera

  • Discolouration

  • Episcleritis

  • Scleritis

  • Staphyloma

  • Perforations
Cornea

  • Microcornea

  • Megalocornea

  • Keratoconus

  • Keratoglobus

  • Cornea plana

  • Dry Eyes

  • Edema

  • Scarring

  • Degenerations

  • Ulceration

  • Vascularisation

  • Guttae

  • Keratic precipitates

  • Keratitis
Anterior chamber

  • Shallow/irregular depth

  • Aqueous cells/flare

  • Hypopyon
Iris

  • Heterochromia

  • Synechiae

  • Iridodonesis

  • Rubeosis iridis

  • Transillumination defects
Pupil

  • Shape (festooned pupil) size (anisocoria, traumatic mydirasis),

  • Colour (leucocoria, greyish reflex)

  • RAPD (swinging torch light test)

  • Correctopia
Lens

  • Dislocation

  • Subluxation

  • Cataract
Optic disc

  • Glaucoma

  • Papilledema

  • Papillitis

  • Optic atrophy
Macula

  • Macular hole

  • Haemorrhage

  • Cherry red spot

  • Oedema

  • Hard and soft exudates

  • ARMD
Retinal vasculature

  • Diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy

  • CRVO

  • CRAO

  • Vasculitis