Table 1.

Sample characteristics by maltreatment group

	Nonmaltreating (n = 78)		Maltreating (CS, n = 79)		Maltreating (RET, n = 81)
Variable	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	F
1. Maternal Age	30.61	6.89	29.42	5.48	29.92	5.35	0.80
2. Child Age	4.87	1.12	4.89	1.21	5.00	1.10	0.27
3. Maternal Language (PPVT-4)	86.65	12.50	83.23	10.25	87.32	12.54	2.67
	n		n		n		Χ2
4. Child Sex
Male	39		44		37		1.61
5. Maternal Ethnicity
African American	32		39		26		20.06*
Caucasian	26		30		41
Hispanic	19		5		8
Multi-Racial	1		5		6
6. Maternal Employment
Employed	34		27		33		3.53
7. Maternal Education
Some Grade/High School	15		31		23		13.44
High School/GED	24		22		30
Some/Completed Trade Sch.	2		3		0
Some College	25		17		19
Bachelor’s/Associate’s/Higher Edu	12		6		9
8. Family Income
Less than $12,000	42		48		44		0.96
9. Marital Status
Single	33		47		39		4.81

Note. Maternal PPVT-4 standard scores less than 60 dropped. ANOVAs and chi-square tests of independence were used to assess for differences by maltreatment group. CS = Community Standard, RET = Reminiscing and Emotion Training.

^*p < .01.