Figure 2.

Model depicting pathways between father and adolescent characteristics at adolescent ages 13, 14, and 15. Solid lines indicate significant paths, dashed lines indicate non-significant paths. Bolded lines indicate mediating pathway among principal study measures. If some cultural groups significant and some non-significant, non-significant groups this is noted beside the parameter estimate. See Table 4 for complete parameter estimates for every cultural group. Range of significant standardized effects estimates across all 12 cultural groups reported. Paths between age 13 father self-efficacy about anger regulation and irritability and age 15 externalizing/internalizing problems were controlled for but not depicted here due to space (see Table 5 for these results). The same age 13 adolescent internalizing problems variable is listed twice on the left side of the figure merely so that all paths from this variable can be accurately depicted.