Figure 1.

Heuristic model depicting emotion-related socialization in the classroom. The associations between the socialization agent and outcomes may be moderated by emotion-related interactions, classroom context, and student characteristics. To ease the presentation, not all all potential pathways and moderating effects are shown, and we recognize other factors (e.g., student IQ, family SES, teacher education, teachers’ personal life, peer experiences and expectations) are also relevant to student outcomes.