Table 1:
Baseline Characteristics (N=546)
| Age, years | 33±9 |
| Male | 334 (61%) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26±4 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.93±0.31 |
| Hypertension diagnosis | 326 (60%) |
| SBP, mmHg | 132±19 |
| ULE-SBP gradient, mmHg | 14 (0–29) |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 309 (57%) |
| NYHA II-IV | 214 (39%) |
| Medications | |
| Beta blockers | 142 (26%) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 59 (11%) |
| ACEI/ARB | 129 (24%) |
| Thiazide | 47 (9%) |
| Hydralazine | 3 (0.5%) |
| Any BP medication | 341 (62%) |
| Echocardiography | |
| LV end-diastolic dimension, mm | 49±6 |
| LV end-systolic dimension, mm | 30±5 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 62±7 |
| LV septal wall thickness, mm | 9±2 |
| LV posterior wall thickness, mm | 10±2 |
| LVMI, g/m2 | 99±21 |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.40±0.04 |
| Aortic valve peak velocity, m/s | 1.45±0.31 |
| COA peak velocity, m/s | 2.71±0.52 |
| *COA peak gradient, mmHg | 29±11 |
| COA mean gradient, mmHg | 16±9 |
| Diastolic Function Indices | |
| Mitral E velocity, m/s | 1.1±0.3 |
| Mitral A velocity, m/s | 0.7±0.2 |
| Mitral deceleration time, ms | 193±41 |
| Septal e’ velocity, cm/s | 10±5 |
| Lateral e’ velocity, cm/s | 11±4 |
| Average e’ velocity, cm/s | 10±4 |
| Average E/e’ | 11±3 |
| Left atrial volume index, mL/m2 | 38±5 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation velocity, m/s | 2.7±0.5 |
| Cross-sectional imaging data | |
| Mid ascending aorta, mm | 30±7 |
| Distal ascending aorta, mm | 25±6 |
| Proximal aortic arch, mm | 19±7 |
| Distal aortic arch, mm | 19±8 |
| Aortic isthmus, mm | 14±5 |
| Proximal descending aorta, mm | 22±7 |
| Descending aorta at diaphragm, mm | 20±5 |
| Aortic isthmus ratio | 0.7±0.2 |
| Collateral vessels | 48 (9%) |
| Exercise testing (N=341) | |
| Peak oxygen consumption, ml/kg/min | 26±9 |
| Peak oxygen consumption, % predicted | 68±17 |
| SBP at peak exercise, mmHg | 173±32 |
ULE: Upper-to-lower extremity; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; ACEI: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: Angiotensin-II receptor blocker; LV: Left ventricle; LVMI: Left ventricular mass index; COA: Coarctation of aorta; E: Mitral early diastolic velocity; A: Mitral late diastolic velocity; e’: Mitral annular tissue Doppler early velocity; *COA peak gradient represents uncorrected maximum instantaneous gradient;
Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or number (%)