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. 2020 Feb 25;33(2):49–57. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1701229

Table 3. Proposed mechanisms for association between proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) .

Potential mechanisms for PPI-related CDI
 • Disruption of gut microbiome
 • Increased gastric bile salts
 • Decreased gastric acidity
 • Increased inflammation