Table 3. Bias and Precision for PD parameters in Multiple-Dose Scenarios (All values are rounded off to have 3 figures to allow for better readability.).

Gamma		relative BIAS (Accuracy: ≤15%, shaded)								relative RMSE (Precision: ≤35%, shaded)
	Dose (mg)	Emax		EC50		E0		γ		Emax		EC50		E0		γ
		θ	ω2	θ	ω2	θ	ω2	θ	ω2	θ	ω2	θ	ω2	θ	ω2	θ	ω2
0.5	12.5	106	−1.90	1.E+03	144	−10.0	42700	55.3	−19.0	833	83.5	3.E+03	607	137	4.E+05	157	126
	25	134	14.9	718	88.0	19.2	2.E+06	85.4	−29.0	1.E+03	102	4.E+03	540	192	2.E+07	177	136
	50	13.7	25.1	644	86.6	41.4	−410	91.5	−3500	154	95.0	2.E+03	526	257	1.E+04	165	3.E+04
1	12.5	283	−40.0	1.E+03	22.6	−22.0	−46.0	−13.0	−20.0	2.E+03	79.4	5.E+03	200	40.3	108	26.6	80.4
	25	80.7	−23.0	741	3.87	−27.0	2.E+04	−6.60	−27.0	178	64.0	4.E+03	143	60.2	1.E+05	32.0	92.6
	50	16.0	1.54	68.2	−8.70	−21.0	4.E+04	12.3	−33.0	57.8	49.6	304	150	138	4.E+05	51.0	106
	100	10.4	14.8	0168	−7.30	−5.40	4.E+03	17.5	−17.0	63.7	64.1	974	195	210	4.E+04	50.1	174
	200	9.97	16.9	195	57.4	−38.0	1.E+03	19.5	18.7	51.4	80.0	1.E+03	426	318	8910	57.1	260
	400	10.6	25.0	780	278	−9.00	−60.0	26.0	122	58.3	96.8	4.E+03	1.E+03	453	141	74.4	453
	800	5.38	60.9	1.E+03	415	69.9	6700	48.2	349	51.9	204	6.E+03	2.E+03	389	5.E+04	165	1.E+03
2	12.5	806	−15.0	599	−13.0	−3.70	−4.30	−15.0	−44.0	2330	179	1870	135	12.1	46.8	25.9	70.6
	25	127	−24.0	107	−12.0	−4.80	−16.0	−9.00	−27.0	304	108	295	73.5	14.8	66.1	17.9	64.7
	50	14.5	5.91	18.3	−17.0	−6.00	−33.0	−3.50	−29.0	41.2	55.2	54.1	57.4	34.2	128	20.8	68.6
	100	2.45	3.74	3.69	−24.0	−11.0	3.E+03	2.48	−42.0	24.2	35.6	29.7	56.3	117	3.E+04	25.1	97.0
	200	−4.30	17.0	15.0	−40.0	51.2	1.E+04	9.67	25.8	30.8	68.3	36.8	96.6	268	1.E+05	38.6	243
	400	−24.0	101	84.7	−34.0	269	1.E+05	69.5	200	42.2	222	232	203	402	1.E+06	256	777
	800	−14.0	299	1.E+04	297	228	83100	77.0	134	49.5	1450	81700	2.E+03	434	8.E+05	230	541
5	12.5	881	544	104	62.2	−1.90	1.63	−5.80	24.7	5.E+03	1690	365	693	5.68	17.6	67.9	284
	25	319	79.6	20.7	−7.00	−1.00	4.13	−13.0	−59.0	2.E+03	380	59.8	50.5	4.98	20.2	18.8	74.3
	50	0.57	−5.60	0.70	−0.80	−1.80	−11.0	−5.30	−30.0	11.2	51.3	6.22	21.1	7.82	39.6	10.8	58.8
	100	−0.30	0.58	2.01	−15.0	−6.90	−65.0	−5.40	−14.0	4.87	20.0	5.08	27.1	19.3	82.9	12.3	74.4
	200	−4.80	8.54	9.55	−24.0	47.7	−29.0	2.64	15.0	23.1	48.1	19.5	65.7	224	193	51.2	246
	400	−20.0	96.0	654	253	254	5940	98.2	174	66.7	284	6420	2.E+03	579	3.E+04	299	790
	800	−22.0	141	3350	−42.0	245	68.7	60.8	165	58.9	445	3.E+04	176	593	930	222	804
10	12.5	865	25.5	93.9	−41.0	−1.10	−2.10	94.4	191	4.E+03	646	643	142	4.99	14.5	218	1.E+03
	25	23.1	116	2.37	−13.0	0.00	−3.00	−19.0	−31.0	90.0	749	16.6	38.9	3.24	16.6	23.4	111
	50	−1.00	−2.20	−0.20	−4.20	0.48	−3.50	−7.20	−33.0	7.11	32.6	3.81	20.5	4.43	29.1	9.88	60.4
	100	−0.10	−2.50	3.64	−18.0	−1.10	−24.0	−11.0	−15.0	3.85	18.7	5.51	29.1	11.7	59.4	14.0	63.6
	200	−4.10	6.78	5.98	−3.90	41.1	−31.0	−3.90	235	15.0	48.4	20.1	134	141	182	36.5	777
	400	−8.20	132	4.E+04	7.E+03	259	−24.0	46.1	663	157	645	4.E+05	4.E+04	543	130	161	2.E+03
	800	−24.0	137	217	−48.0	263	1820	2.75	42.3	58.6	606	1.E+03	72.8	586	1.E+04	74.7	422