Table 2.
Cohort characteristics stratified by controlled BP <140/<90 mmHg versus uncontrolled BP groups with the first year after liver transplantation
| Characteristic | Controlled BP | Uncontrolled BP | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population N, % | 97 (16.1) | 505 (83.9) | |
| Age at transplant, Mean, SD | 52.6 (14.9) | 57.5 (10.0) | .51 |
| Female Sex, % | 38 (39.2) | 180 (35.6) | .51 |
| Race/Ethnicity, % | .61 | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 57 (58.8) | 309 (61.2) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 7 (7.2) | 47 (9.3) | |
| Hispanic | 21 (21.6) | 78 (15.4) | |
| Asian | 4 (4.1) | 20 (4.0) | |
| Other | 8 (8.2) | 51 (10.1) | |
| Less than high school education, % | 1 (1.0) | 22 (4.4) | .04 |
| Primary Payer, % | .83 | ||
| Private insurer | 62 (63.9) | 300 (59.4) | |
| Medicare | 29 (29.9) | 165 (32.7) | |
| Medicaid | 5 (5.2) | 31 (6.1) | |
| Other | 1 (1.0) | 9 (1.8) | |
| Lab MELD score at transplant, median (range) | 14 (11–37) | 22 (6–44) | .27 |
| BMI at transplant, mean, SD | 27.8 (5.5) | 29.6 (6.8) | .02 |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 at transplant | 30 (30.9) | 204 (40.4) | .14 |
| BMI at 1 year post transplant, mean, SD | 25.0 (4.7) | 27.0 (5.5) | .003 |
| Cause of end-stage liver disease | |||
| Hepatitis C | 27 (27.8) | 189 (37.4) | .07 |
| Alcohol | 28 (28.9) | 143 (28.3) | .91 |
| NASH | 9 (9.3) | 67 (13.3) | .28 |
| Other | 41 (42.3) | 150 (29.7) | .02 |
| HCC status at transplant | 37 (38.1) | 218 (43.2) | .36 |
| Smoking status at transplant | |||
| Never | 54 (55.7) | 270 (53.5) | .64 |
| Current/Former | 40 (41.2) | 208 (41.2) | |
| Missing | 3 (3.1) | 27 (5.3) | |
| CV comorbidity at transplant | |||
| ASCVD | 21 (21.6) | 187 (37.0) | .004 |
| Heart Failure | 11 (11.3) | 91 (18.0) | .11 |
| Atrial Fibrillation | 10 (10.3) | 52 (10.3) | 1.0 |
| Stroke | 12 (12.4) | 67 (13.3) | .81 |
| PE | 1 (1.0) | 8 (1.6) | .68 |
| Hypertension | 42 (43.3) | 281 (55.6) | .03 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 17 (17.5) | 136 (26.9) | .05 |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 8 (8.2) | 62 (12.3) | .26 |
| Other comorbidities at transplant | |||
| Chronic kidney disease | 40 (41.2) | 210 (41.6) | .33 |
| Stage 1 | 25 (36.2) | 94 (24.9) | |
| Stage 2 | 15 (21.7) | 94 (24.9) | |
| Stage 3 | 15 (21.7) | 114 (30.2) | |
| Stage 4 | 10 (14.5) | 50 (13.3) | |
| Stage 5 | 4 (5.8) | 25 (6.6) | |
| Renal replacement therapy | 13 (13.4) | 77 (15.2) | .64 |
| Diabetes | 27 (27.8) | 171 (33.9) | .25 |
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 4 (4.1) | 57 (11.3) | .03 |
| BP-Lowering Therapy | 16 (16.5) | 171 (33.9) | <.001 |
| Thiazide | 2 (2.1) | 7 (1.3) | .64 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 6 (6.2) | 81 (16.0) | .01 |
| ACEI or ARB | 5 (5.2) | 39 (7.7) | .37 |
| Vasodilator | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 |
| Alpha2 agonist | 0 (0.0) | 23 (4.6) | .04 |
| Beta blocker | |||
| Nonselective beta blocker | 0 (0.0) | 22 (4.4) | .03 |
| Selective | 4 (4.1) | 48 (9.5) | .08 |
| Immunosuppression Regimen | |||
| 0–6 months | |||
| Steroids | 96 (99.0) | 502 (99.4) | .63 |
| Calcineurin inihibitor | 97 (100.0) | 500 (99.0) | .33 |
| Mycophenolate | 68 (70.1) | 378 (74.9) | .33 |
| mTOR inhibitor | 7 (7.2) | 60 (11.9) | .18 |
| 6–12 months | |||
| Steroids | 19 (19.6) | 162 (32.1) | .01 |
| Calcineurin inihibitor | 60 (61.9) | 377 (74.7) | .01 |
| Mycophenolate | 23 (23.7) | 184 (36.4) | .02 |
| mTOR inhibitor | 6 (6.2) | 64 (12.7) | .07 |
| > 1 year | |||
| Steroids | 30 (30.9) | 148 (29.3) | .75 |
| Calcineurin inihibitor | 78 (80.4) | 417 (82.6) | .61 |
| Mycophenolate | 41 (42.3) | 227 (45.0) | .62 |
| mTOR inhibitor | 15 (15.5) | 84 (16.6) | .78 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; PE, pulmonary embolism; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
*
T-test for continuous variables and chi-square for categorical variables