Table 2.

Multilevel Models on Parental Ambivalence

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE
Fixed part
Intercept	1.60***	0.01	3.07***	0.22	3.38***	0.22
Family with an adult with DD a	0.09	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.08
Family with an adult with SMI a	0.14**	0.05	0.12*	0.05	0.11*	0.05
Parental covariates
Mother b			−0.20***	0.02	−0 17***	0.02
Parental age			−0.01***	0.00	−0.01*	0.00
Parental education			−0.01**	0.00	−0.01	0.00
Number of children			−0.03**	0.01	−0.03***	0.01
Currently married c			−0.13***	0.03	−0.09***	0.03
Ever been diagnosed with MI d			0.29***	0.06	0.27***	0.06
Has ADLs limitations e			0.30***	0.04	0.28***	0.04
Child covariates
Child age					−0.00**	0.00
Daughter f					−0.03*	0.01
Biological child g					−0 24***	0.04
Geographic proximity					−0 04***	0.00
Child is currently married h					−0.21***	0.02
Child has own children i					0.05**	0.02
Child currently works j					−0.15***	0.02
Child has attended college k					−0.09***	0.02
Random part
Intercept (ζ1j)	0.70		0.69		0.67
Residual (ϵij)
Family with an adult with DD	0.80		0.79		0.77
Family with an adult with SMI	0.77		0.77		0.78
Comparison family	0.69		0.69		0.67
Log likelihood	−22644.95		−22246.50		−20330.12
Likelihood-ratio test (vs. homoscedasticity of ϵij)2	18.87***		18.68***		24 41***

DD = Developmental Disabilities; SMI = Serious Mental Illness; MI = Mental Illness; ADLs = Activities of Daily Living

Note.

^1.Reference groups are (a) comparison group family, (b) father, (c) unmarried, (d) not been diagnosed as MI, (e) has no functional limitation, (f) daughter, (g) adopted child, (h) currently unmarried, (i) does not have own child, (j) not working, and (k) has not attended college.

^2.Heteroscedasticity at child-level residual (ϵ_ij) means within-family variance differs by group

^*p<.05,

^**p<.01,

^***p<.001