. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020 Feb 6;28(3):552–562. doi: 10.1002/oby.22736

Table 3.

Maternal body composition changes, mean (standard deviation), within group

	Pregnancy			Postpartum			Postpartum
	Baseline to 35 weeks			Baseline to 15 weeks post-partum			Baseline to 59 weeks post-partum

	LI Change	UC Change	p-value^†	LI Change	UC Change	p-value^†	LI Change	UC Change	p-value^†

	N=94	N=93		N=88	N=82		N=91	N=87
Weight (kg)	8.01 (4.01)^a	9.81 (4.20)^a	0.0031	−0.22 (4.09)	2.43 (4.62)^a	0.0001	−0.39 (5.78)	1.16 (6.02)	0.0821

Body mass index (kg/m³)	2.95 (1.47)^a	3.68 (1.60)^a	0.0014	−0.10 (1.51)	0.89 (1.75)^a	0.0001	−0.15 (2.10)	0.45 (2.23)	0.0650

Hip circumference (cm)	1.48 (3.51)^a	2.35 (7.90)^b	0.3354	−0.92 (3.62)^c	1.32 (4.74)^c	0.0007	−0.95 (4.64)	−0.10 (5.36)	0.2553

Waist circumference (cm)	--	--		−1.59 (5.52)^b	0.51 (5.43)	0.0133	−2.21 (6.70)^b	−0.81 (6.69)	0.1613



MRI (kg)	N=42	N=34		N=33	N=36		N=38	N=30

Weight (g)	7.61 (3.73)^a	10.26(4.70)^a	0.0097	−0.29 (3.92)	2.97 (4.85) ^a	0.0030	0.06 (5.97)	0.60 (6.22)	0.7157

Total adipose (kg)	0.46 (3.22)	2.50 (3.31)^a	0.0086	0.78 (3.25)	2.91 (3.87)^a	0.0155	1.80 (5.81)	0.61 (5.30)	0.3834

Subcutaneous (kg)	0.68 (2.70)	2.54 (2.93)^a	0.0059	0.37 (2.95)	2.41 (3.55)^a	0.0114	1.04 (5.04)	0.22 (4.74)	0.4917

Abdominal Deep	-	-	-	0.03 (0.32)	0.17 (0.52)	0.1985	0.03 (0.52)	−0.11 (0.59)	0.3088

Abdominal Superficial	-	-	-	0.04 (0.42)	0.31 (0.38)^a	0.0137	0.20 (0.52)^c	0.05 (0.50)	0.2541

Femoral SAT	0.18 (1.05)	0.88 (1.58)	0.0217	0.18 (1.05)	0.88 (1.58)^b	0.0518	0.55 (1.61)	−0.04 (1.80)	0.1826

Perimuscle SAT	−0.01 (12)	0.00 (0.10)	0.8508	−0.01 (0.12)	0.00 (0.10)	0.7686	−0.00 (0.11)	−0.02 (0.11)	0.6238

Visceral (kg)	-	-	-	0.23 (0.54)^c	0.34 (0.52)^a	0.4075	0.54 (0.71)^a	0.34 (0.54)^b	0.2210

Intermuscular (kg)	0.13 (0.31)^c	0.18 (0.26)^a	0.4015	0.18 (0.41)^c	0.17 (0.34)^b	0.8759	0.22 (0.41)^b	0.05 (0.35)	0.0703

Skeletal muscle (kg)	0.73 (1.14)^a	1.32 (1.13)^a	0.0262	−0.59 (1.21)^b	−0.06 (1.21)	0.0771	−0.05 (1.25)	0.57 (1.20)	0.0444

^†

Within group changes that are significant are indicated in bold typeface using a paired t-test. Between group p-values were calculated using t-test adjusted for unequal variances.p-value

p<0.001

p<0.01

p<0.05