Table 2.

Protocols and training related to NAS, sample respondents in California Birth Hospitals in 2018.

Category	%	95% CI		# of hospitals
Hospital has at least one written protocol for hospital management of NAS (n = 67)	91%	81%	96%	61
Types of written management protocols related to NAS (n = 67)
Nursing management	73%	61%	82%	49
Nonpharmacologic management	69%	57%	79%	46
Initiation of pharmacologic management	58%	46%	69%	39
Dose escalation of pharmacologic management	45%	33%	57%	30
Weaning of pharmacologic management	42%	31%	54%	28
Breastfeeding	66%	54%	76%	44
Discharge	54%	42%	65%	36
Transfer	15%	8%	26%	10
Hospital has training related to NAS (n = 66)	77%	66%	86%	51
Timing of staff training related to NAS (n = 64)
At orientation	50%	38%	62%	32
During a relevant case	56%	44%	68%	36
Throughout the year as CME credits	9%	4%	19%	6
At meetings or seminars throughout the year	42%	31%	54%	27
Types of staff training related to NAS (n = 64)
Care of substance-exposed infants	86%	75%	93%	55
Standardization of NAS scoring or assessment	86%	75%	93%	55
Training on hospital NAS protocols (if any protocols)	56%	44%	68%	36

Source: “Hospital Care and Emerging Practices for Treatment of Maternal Opioid Addiction, the Mother-Infant Dyad and Neonatal Abstinence Care: A Survey of California Hospitals” fielded June 2018 to August 2018 by the Urban Institute in collaboration with the California Perinatal Quality-Improvement Collaborative and the California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative

n = sample size. Denominator includes all respondents who selected a response in any part of the question (e.g., in a multi-item response table). A respondent who selected an answer in one line of the table but left another line blank are treated as “no” (instead of “missing“) for the line or lines for which they did not respond

NAS neonatal abstinence syndrome, CI confidence interval