Fig. 2. Operando EXAFS and ∆XANES characterization.
a The fitted average formal d-band hole counts and b oxidation states of Pt from ∆XANES spectra, depicted with the calculated oxidation states of Pt1-C3N1, Pt1-C2N2, and Pt1-C1N3 models. The oxidation state of Pt1-C3N1 are the most proximate to that of the ex situ sample. c Corresponding k2-weighted Fourier transform (FT) spectra of Fig. 1e. d First-shell fitting of EXAFS spectra under ex situ, +0.15 V and −0.07 V conditions.