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. 2020 Feb 25;10:3411. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60459-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Distribution of untreated L. innocua and E. coli cells on SS coupons in the wet and the dry state visualized using confocal microscopy. (a,c): a typical macroscopic view of the fluorescent bacterial cells in the wet (a) and the dry (c) state. The insets are photos of the coupons in the respective states. (b) Cross-sectional views of the top (corresponding to the yellow panel in (a)) and the side (blue panel) of typical bacteria-containing droplets on SS coupons in the wet state. Black arrows denote the direction of observation. (d) Top-down views (top panel) and side views (bottom panel) of typical pellets of bacteria on SS coupons in the dry state.