Figure 1.

Evolution of Type-2 Diabetes. Following a metabolic hit, inflammation is at the initial steps of developing type-2 diabetes (T2D). Peripheral insulin resistance develops in tandem with increasing inflammation. Insulin resistance is initially met by a compensatory response from the pancreas, producing more insulin to maintain normoglycemia (pre-diabetes). Over time, insulin producing β-cells can no longer cope with increased demand, and insulin production ceases (β-cell failure). At this stage of persistent hyperglycaemia T2D is established.