Figure 6.

Epigenetics of macrophage polarization in T2D. Epigenetic mechanisms that modulate transcription act on chromatin remodeling and altering DNA accessibility to transcriptional machinery. Modifications are in dynamic exchange where methylation and acetylation status of H3K27 dictate repression or activation of transcription, respectively. When chromatin is closed, methylation is dynamically altered by EZH2 (adding methyl groups) and KDMB6 (removing methyl groups), and the active transcription mark (H3K27ac) is removed through HDAC3 activity. GPS2–SMRT also participate in gene repression. During active transcription, the active transcription mark (H3K27ac) is maintained whilst EZH2–KDM6B play smaller roles. GPS2–SMRT are not present to exert repressive effects.