Table 1.

Orthologous MUT promoters of related species and endogenous P. pastoris promoters used in this study

Type	Abbreviation	Species	Gene name	Regulation in native species	Length (bp)	GC content (%)
Orthologous promoters	HpFMD	Hansenula polymorpha	Formate dehydrogenase	Strongly derepressed, methanol inducible	623	53.3
	HpMOX	Hansenula polymorpha	Methanol oxidase	Strongly derepressed, methanol inducible	1510	56.0
	CbFLD1	Candida boidinii	Formaldehyde dehydrogenase	Moderately derepressed, methanol inducible	572	31.6
	CbAOD1	Candida boidinii	Alcohol oxidase 1	Moderately derepressed, methanol inducible	1652	28.6
	PmMOD1	Pichia methanolica	Methanol oxidase 1	Strongly derepressed, methanol inducible	1157	37.9
	PmMOD2	Pichia methanolica	Methanol oxidase 2	Tightly repressed, methanol inducible	1662	37.3
P. pastoris endogenous promoters	PpAOX1	Pichia pastoris	Alcohol oxidase 1	Tightly repressed, methanol inducible	940	42.6
	PpCAT1	Pichia pastoris	Catalase 1	Moderately derepressed, methanol inducible	500	40.8
	PpGAP	Pichia pastoris	Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Constitutive	486	46.7

Moderately derepressed: < 50% of methanol induced levels; strongly derepressed: > 50% of methanol induced levels [according to the data by (Hartner and Glieder 2006)]. Promoter lengths used in this study are listed and deviate in part slightly form values reported in the literature (see “Materials and methods” section and Additional file 1: S2)