Table 3.

Advantages and disadvantages of phospholipid based nanocarrier systems.

Vesicular nanocarrier	Advantages	Disadvantages	References
Liposomes	Improved drug stability	Drug leakage	[22], [28], [29], [30]
	Available in various size range	Scale-up difficulty
	Reduced drug toxicity	Dose dumping
	Prolonged drug release	Sterilization problems
Ethosomes	High skin permeation compared to liposomes	Chances of coalescence	[41], [42]
	Non-toxic raw materials	Poor yield problems
	Smaller size compared to liposomes	Less stability
Transfersomes	Higher penetration compared to liposomes and ethosomes	Expensive	[53], [54]
	Systemic and topical delivery	Difficult manufacturing
Transethosomes	Higher penetration compared to ethosomes	Scale-up problems	[58]
	Higher stability compared to ethosomes	Expensive