Table 4.

Niosomes as effective nanocarrier for treatment of skin fungal infections.

Composition of Niosomes	Drug	Entrapment/size /zeta potential	Animal model/Route of Administration	Key findings	Ref.
Span 60, Cholesterol, Ethanol	Itraconazole	89.67 ± 1.85%/ 16.02 ± 1.35 µm/ NA	NA	Itraconazole loaded niosomes showed high in vitro skin permeation and a larger zone of inhibition against Candida albicans compared to a commercially available topical formulation of itraconazole	[72]
Span 40, Span 60, Tween 60, Cholesterol	Keto conazole	69.39 ± 0.94%/ 5.94 ± 2.14 µm/ NA	NA	Niosomes having Span 60 and cholesterol in the ratio 1 : 0.2 loaded with drug showed a prolonged effect than formulation containing free ketoconazole	[73]
Span 60, cholesterol, stearic acid	Nystatin	80.25%/ 189 ± 0.55 nm/ −30.55 ± 0.28 mV	Albino rabbits/ Topical	Niosomal gel showed two fold increased deposition of nystatin in porcine skin and less irritation in rabbits on topical application compared to conventional gel of nystatin	[74]
Span 80, cholesterol	Econazole	98%/ 0.050 µm/ NA	NA	Niosomes containing Cholesterol and Span 80 in the ratio 1 : 4 showed maximum drug entrapment and extended the drug release upto 24 h indicating their efficacy to treat skin fungal infections	[75]