Table 4. Adjusted ORs for Specific Acne Prescription Treatments.
| Characteristic |
Topical Retinoid | Topical Antibiotic | Oral Antibiotic | Spironolactonea | Oral Contraceptivea | Isotretinoin | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | No. (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | No. (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | No. (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | No. (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | No. (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 8084 (27.0) | Reference | 4430 (14.8) | Reference | 10 630 (35.5) | Reference | 435 (2.3) | Reference | 1778 (9.3) | Reference | 536 (1.8) | Reference |
| Non-Hispanic black | 9186 (30.7) | 1.25 (1.14-1.38) | 5489 (18.3) | 1.35 (1.21-1.52) | 9024 (30.2) | 0.80 (0.72-0.87) | 352 (1.8) | 0.68 (0.49-0.94) | 1258 (6.6) | 0.64 (0.53-0.76) | 188 (0.6) | 0.39 (0.23-0.65) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 8630 (28.8) | 1.12 (0.96-1.32) | 6110 (20.4) | 1.47 (1.23-1.75) | 8561 (28.6) | 0.80 (0.69-0.94) | 221 (1.2) | 0.58 (0.31-1.10) | 1434 (7.5) | 0.74 (0.56-0.96) | 414 (1.4) | 0.86 (0.48-1.55) |
| Hispanic | 7473 (25.0) | 0.96 (0.85-1.09) | 4309 (14.4) | 1.06 (0.92-1.23) | 9818 (32.8) | 0.95 (0.86-1.07) | 232 (1.2) | 0.77 (0.59-1.01) | 1116 (5.8) | 0.62 (0.54-0.71) | 309 (1.0) | 0.68 (0.42-1.12) |
| Other | 7005 (23.4) | 0.84 (0.78-0.91) | 3762 (12.6) | 0.86 (0.78-0.95) | 7925 (26.5) | 0.72 (0.67-0.78) | 304 (1.6) | 1.11 (0.74-1.67) | 1160 (6.1) | 0.78 (0.62-0.97) | 336 (1.1) | 0.69 (0.51-0.93) |
| Age at diagnosis | NA | 0.96 (0.96-0.97) | NA | 0.99 (0.98-0.99) | NA | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) | NA | 1.03 (1.02-1.03) | NA | 0.97 (0.96-0.97) | NA | 0.97 (0.96-0.98) |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Female | 8021 (26.8) | Reference | 4489 (15.0) | Reference | 9667 (32.3) | Reference | NA | NA | NA | NA | 299 (1.0) | Reference |
| Male | 7931 (26.5) | 0.88 (0.83-0.94) | 4399 (14.7) | 0.94 (0.87-1.00) | 10 505 (35.1) | 1.12 (1.06-1.18) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 748 (2.5) | 2.44 (2.01-2.95) |
| Region | ||||||||||||
| Midwest | 8236 (27.5) | Reference | 4837 (16.2) | Reference | 10 760 (36.0) | Reference | 385 (2.0) | Reference | 1808 (9.5) | Reference | 506 (1.7) | Reference |
| Northeast | 8067 (27.0) | 0.86 (0.79-0.94) | 4787 (16.0) | 0.86 (0.78-0.96) | 8180 (27.3) | 0.74 (0.68-0.80) | 199 (1.0) | 0.59 (0.42-0.82) | 1179 (6.2) | 0.75 (0.65-0.88) | 390 (1.3) | 0.75 (0.55-1.04) |
| South | 7566 (25.3) | 0.99 (0.92-1.07) | 3007 (10.0) | 0.60 (0.54-0.66) | 9753 (32.6) | 0.91 (0.85-0.97) | 544 (2.8) | 1.17 (0.96-1.43) | 1371 (7.2) | 0.79 (0.70-0.90) | 465 (1.6) | 1.07 (0.84-1.38) |
| West | 7257 (24.2) | 1.06 (0.96-1.17) | 4554 (15.2) | 1.02 (0.90-1.15) | 8698 (29.1) | 0.91 (0.83-1.00) | 416 (2.2) | 1.18 (0.88-1.58) | 1439 (7.5) | 0.97 (0.82-1.14) | 310 (1.0) | 0.84 (0.57-1.24) |
| Insurance type | ||||||||||||
| Commercial | 8799 (29.4) | Reference | 4639 (15.5) | Reference | 10 782 (36.0) | Reference | 519 (2.7) | Reference | 1807 (9.4) | Reference | 624 (2.1) | Reference |
| Medicaid | 7602 (25.4) | 0.82 (0.73-0.92) | 5686 (19.0) | 1.34 (1.18-1.52) | 9718 (32.5) | 0.87 (0.79-0.97) | 190 (1.0) | 0.50 (0.31-0.80) | 1417 (7.4) | 0.65 (0.54-0.79) | 208 (0.7) | 0.43 (0.25-0.75) |
| Medicare | 4729 (15.8) | 1.14 (0.91-1.42) | 3442 (11.5) | 1.04 (0.81-1.34) | 8486 (28.4) | 0.80 (0.67-0.95) | 498 (2.6) | 0.31 (0.18-0.53) | 393 (2.1) | 0.50 (0.29-0.85) | 123 (0.4) | 0.47 (0.15-1.53) |
| Uninsured | 6973 (23.3) | 0.35 (0.27-0.45) | 1556 (5.2) | 0.35 (0.25-0.49) | 6622 (22.1) | 0.50 (0.42-0.60) | 56 (0.3) | 0.10 (0.02-0.39) | 919 (4.8) | 0.40 (0.28-0.57) | 174 (0.6) | 0.37 (0.14-1.01) |
| Mixed: insured | 7991 (26.7) | 0.97 (0.90-1.04) | 4579 (15.3) | 1.03 (0.95-1.13) | 10 247 (34.2) | 0.94 (0.88-1.01) | 319 (1.7) | 0.61 (0.48-0.77) | 1646 (8.6) | 0.91 (0.81-1.02) | 411 (1.4) | 0.74 (0.57-0.96) |
| Mixed: uninsured | 3172 (10.6) | 0.78 (0.62-0.97) | 4280 (14.3) | 1.01 (0.77-1.31) | 9832 (32.9) | 0.86 (0.71-1.04) | 316 (1.7) | 0.56 (0.26-1.21) | 1344 (7.0) | 0.76 (0.53-1.10) | 186 (0.6) | 0.31 (0.10-0.97) |
| Unknown | 6614 (22.1) | 0.68 (0.63-0.74) | 3771 (12.6) | 0.76 (0.69-0.84) | 7916 (26.5) | 0.73 (0.67-0.78) | 223 (1.2) | 0.50 (0.37-0.67) | 1196 (6.3) | 0.80 (0.69-0.91) | 279 (0.9) | 0.48 (0.35-0.66) |
| Other | 11642 (38.9) | 1.71 (1.44-2.03) | 4549 (15.2) | 1.04 (0.83-1.30) | 11 894 (39.7) | 1.14 (0.97-1.34) | 398 (2.1) | 0.76 (0.43-1.34) | 2299 (12.0) | 1.30 (1.00-1.69) | 384 (1.3) | 0.58 (0.28-1.18) |
| Mean household income per $1000 | NA | 1.00 (1.00-1.01) | NA | 1.02 (1.01-1.02) | NA | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | NA | 0.97 (0.96-0.98) | NA | 1.00 (0.99-1.00) | NA | 0.99 (0.97-1.00) |
| Percentage with college education | NA | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) | NA | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) | NA | 0.99 (0.98-0.99) | NA | 1.01 (1.00-1.03) | NA | 1.00 (1.00-1.01) | NA | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) |
| Seen by a dermatologist at least once | NA | 3.38 (3.19-3.58) | NA | 1.70 (1.58-1.82) | NA | 1.24 (1.17-1.31) | NA | 1.73 (1.46-2.05) | NA | 0.66 (0.59-0.73) | NA | 4.48 (3.68-5.47) |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio.
a
Among women only.